Spanish ñ pronunciation: the /ɲ/ sound
Recognize the Spanish letter ñ and its /ɲ/ sound, and distinguish it from the ordinary n sound /n/ in familiar words.
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Spanish vowel sounds /e/ and /i/: mesa and misa
Hear and produce the contrast between Spanish /e/ and /i/ in familiar words such as mesa and misa.
Read and practiseSpanish vowels a and o: casa and cosa
Practice distinguishing Spanish /a/ and /o/ using familiar words and contextual sentences.
Read and practiseThe Spanish vowel u
Rounded lips: pronounce the Spanish vowel u clearly in familiar words and notice when the letter is silent.
Read and practiseSpanish vowels without English glides
Steady Spanish vowels keep one mouth position, unlike English glides; practise contrasts through spelling and clear articulation.
Read and practiseSpanish word-final n
A final nasal consonant appears in familiar Spanish words; use spelling and tongue position to recognise and pronounce it.
Read and practiseSpanish b and v: one sound, two spellings
Understand the shared Spanish sound represented by b and v, and distinguish spelling with vaca and baca.
Read and practiseSpanish r and rr between vowels
Compare the Spanish tap /ɾ/ and trill /r/ between vowels using meaningful pairs such as pero and perro.
Read and practiseSeseo and distinción: Spanish s, c and z
Compare seseo and distinción in Spanish pronunciation and use context to spell pairs such as casa and caza.
Read and practiseSpanish word stress: hablo and habló
Recognize the difference in word stress between hablo and habló and connect the accent mark to the stressed syllable.
Read and practiseSpanish ll and y: yeísmo and regional sounds
Understand Spanish yeísmo, the remaining ll–y distinction and common regional pronunciations of these spellings.
Read and practiseSpanish gue, gui, güe and güi: when to pronounce u
Learn how the written diaeresis signals a pronounced u in Spanish güe and güi, with contextual words and examples.
Read and practiseSilent h in Spanish words
Learn that ordinary Spanish h is silent, distinguish it from the ch digraph, and practise with six contextual examples.
Read and practiseSpanish j and ge or gi: a shared sound
Learn how j and g before e or i represent the Spanish /x/ sound, with regional pronunciation and contextual examples.
Read and practiseSpanish stress: aguda and llana words
Recognize stress on the last or next-to-last syllable in Spanish and compare examples such as café, casa and árbol.
Read and practiseSpanish /k/ spellings: ca, co, cu, que and qui
Recognize the /k/ sound in ca, co, cu and in que or qui, and contrast it with c before e or i.
Read and practiseSpanish esdrújula stress: an accent on the third-to-last syllable
Recognize esdrújula words, hear stress on the third-to-last syllable, and write their required accent marks.
Read and practiseSpanish single r in consonant clusters
Consonant clusters with a single Spanish r use a quick tongue tap; practise their spelling and mouth movement in context.
Read and practiseThe Spanish trill at the start of a word
Initial Spanish r calls for a tongue-tip trill; practise recognizing it in everyday words and contrasting it with a single tap.
Read and practiseSpanish g before a, o and u
Before the vowels a, o and u, Spanish g has a voiced sound made at the back of the mouth. Explore its spelling in context.
Read and practiseSpanish x in everyday words
The letter x can sound like ks, a regional s, or the sound of j in certain names. Explore common spellings and pronunciation.
Read and practiseSpanish consonant clusters with l
Clusters with l join two consonants without a vowel between them. Practise pl, bl, cl and fl in familiar Spanish words.
Read and practiseSpanish consonants at the end of words
Final consonants distinguish familiar Spanish words; mouth position and spelling help you keep the endings clear in everyday speech.
Read and practiseQuestions and statements: Spanish pitch
A change in pitch and punctuation can turn a statement into a yes-or-no question in Spanish. Compare three written pairs.
Read and practiseSpanish vowel pairs: país, aire and río
Compare syllable boundaries in Spanish país, aire and río and learn how a stressed í marks a hiatus in these examples.
Read and practiseSpanish d between vowels: a softer sound
Recognize the often softer pronunciation of Spanish d between vowels in words such as dedo and comida.
Read and practiseSpanish b and v between vowels
Between vowels, Spanish b and v usually share a gentle sound made with the lips close together; spelling still matters.
Read and practiseSpanish g between vowels
Between vowels, Spanish g often becomes a gentle sound made without fully closing the back of the mouth.
Read and practiseSpanish n before p and b
At a word boundary, the sound of n adapts to the lips before p or b while the original spelling stays the same.
Read and practiseSpanish n before k and g
Before k and g sounds, the Spanish n moves to the back of the mouth, even across word boundaries in fluent speech.
Read and practiseLinking consonants to vowels in Spanish
A final consonant can flow into the next word when it begins with a vowel, making connected Spanish sound smooth and clear.
Read and practiseAdjacent vowels between Spanish words
Vowels at a Spanish word boundary can flow together in connected speech, while spelling and stress remain intact.
Read and practiseSpanish sentence stress and meaning
In a neutral sentence, nouns, verbs and adjectives often stand out, while short grammatical words usually remain less prominent.
Read and practiseList intonation in Spanish
A continuing pitch and a final fall make a spoken Spanish list easier to follow, as these written examples show.
Read and practiseIntonation in Spanish open questions
Questions beginning with an interrogative word often end with a falling pitch; context and regional speech can change the melody.
Read and practiseContrastive stress in Spanish sentences
A correction can shift the emphasis to the word that replaces an earlier assumption, making the intended contrast clear.
Read and practiseUncertainty in Spanish intonation
A tentative pitch can accompany doubt: explore how context and wording shape uncertain statements in Spanish.
Read and practisePolite request intonation in Spanish
A courteous request depends on wording, voice and context; explore written question pairs and practise a gentle delivery.
Read and practiseConfirming details with Spanish intonation
A repeated detail can become a request for confirmation through question intonation, with a pitch movement that depends on context.
Read and practiseRegional weakening of Spanish s
In many Spanish-speaking regions, a syllable-final s may sound like a breath or disappear; context helps listeners recover the meaning.
Read and practiseRhythm across Spanish phrases
Connected Spanish speech flows in meaningful groups; practise stress, linking and pauses while keeping every word clear.
Read and practise
Spanish subject pronouns: yo, tú and more
Identify common Spanish subject pronouns and understand when a subject can be left unstated.
Read and practiseSer in the present tense: forms and examples
Conjugate Spanish ser in the present for identity and occupation, with examples, subject forms and exercises.
Read and practiseSpanish articles: el, la, un and una
Choose definite and indefinite Spanish articles by gender and number, with everyday examples and practice.
Read and practiseSpanish adjective agreement: gender and number
Learn how Spanish adjectives agree with nouns in gender and number through clear examples and exercises.
Read and practiseEstar in the present tense: location and state
Practise present-tense forms of estar to describe where someone is and how a person or thing feels or looks.
Read and practiseSer and estar: two ways to say “to be”
Learn when to use Spanish ser and estar for identity, origin, state and location, with examples and practice.
Read and practiseSpanish negation with no
Make simple Spanish sentences negative with no, including its position before a verb and an object pronoun.
Read and practiseSpanish question words: dónde, cuándo and more
Ask about place, time, reasons and prices in Spanish with accented question words and practical examples.
Read and practiseSpanish numbers zero to ten
Learn the Spanish numbers from zero to ten and use them for quantities, times and everyday requests.
Read and practiseTener in the present: having, age and hunger
Conjugate the Spanish verb tener in the present and use it for possession, age and everyday expressions.
Read and practiseRegular Spanish -ar verbs in the present
Conjugate regular -ar verbs in the Spanish present tense with useful examples, explanations and exercises.
Read and practiseRegular -er and -ir verbs in the present
Conjugate regular Spanish -er and -ir verbs in the present and compare their endings in everyday examples.
Read and practiseExpressing likes with gustar
Say what you like in Spanish with gustar, and choose gusta or gustan for a singular or plural subject.
Read and practiseSpanish hay: there is and there are
Use hay to say what exists in a place, ask whether something is available and make simple negative statements.
Read and practiseSpanish expressions for location
Describe where things are with encima de, debajo de, cerca de, detrás de and other Spanish place expressions.
Read and practiseIr in the present: going to places
Conjugate Spanish ir in the present and describe destinations and ways of travelling with examples.
Read and practiseSpanish demonstratives: este, ese and aquel
Point to people or things in Spanish and match demonstratives to a noun’s gender and number.
Read and practiseSpanish possessives before a noun
Use mi, tu, su and nuestro before Spanish nouns, and match their forms to what is possessed.
Read and practiseDays of the week in Spanish
Learn the Spanish weekdays, use el and los for dates and routines, and practise their order.
Read and practiseSpanish ir a plus infinitive for plans
Talk about plans and intentions with ir a plus an infinitive, using examples, negative sentences and exercises.
Read and practiseSpanish reflexive and pronominal verbs
Use me, te, se and nos with everyday Spanish verbs for getting up, getting dressed and washing.
Read and practiseSpanish frequency expressions: siempre, a veces and nunca
Say how often you do something with common Spanish frequency expressions and practical examples.
Read and practiseSpanish contractions al and del
Use the Spanish contractions al and del when a or de meets the article el, with a proper-name exception.
Read and practiseConmigo and contigo: with me and with you
Use conmigo and contigo to say with me and with you in Spanish, and compare them with con él and con ella.
Read and practiseCounting from eleven to thirty
From eleven through thirty, Spanish number words help you count people and objects, with special spelling and agreement for twenty-one.
Read and practiseSpanish noun plurals after vowels and consonants
A final vowel or consonant guides the regular Spanish plural: compare endings and practise with familiar nouns.
Read and practiseTú or tu, él or el: accent marks
Distinguish Spanish stressed pronouns from the unaccented possessives and article in tú/tu, él/el and mí/mi.
Read and practiseCommon masculine and feminine noun endings
Noun endings often give clues to Spanish gender, helping you choose the matching definite article while recognizing common exceptions.
Read and practiseCuánto, cuánta, cuántos and cuántas
Ask how much or how many in Spanish and match cuánto to a following noun in gender and number.
Read and practiseOmitting subject pronouns
Spanish verb endings often identify the subject, while an explicit pronoun can add contrast or clarity in a conversation.
Read and practiseIr a and estar en: destination and location
Distinguish going to a destination with ir a from being at a location with estar en in Spanish.
Read and practiseTú and usted: choosing how to address someone
A conversation with a friend or a stranger calls for a choice of address and a matching singular verb form.
Read and practiseYes or no questions in Spanish
A simple statement can become a yes or no question with a change in intonation and written question marks.
Read and practisePossession with de
Show who owns an object or how people are related by placing de before the owner’s name in Spanish.
Read and practiseExpressing company with a noun
A companion can be named after a short Spanish preposition. Practise saying who joins an activity.
Read and practiseSpanish months and dates
January through December: name the months in Spanish and put a day and month together to give a date.
Read and practiseFirst, second and third in order
Put the first three Spanish ordinal numbers to work when describing the order of classes, floors and other things.
Read and practiseSpanish querer and poder with infinitives
Express what you want or can do with querer and poder, and learn their present-tense stem changes.
Read and practiseSpanish present progressive with estar
Describe actions in progress with estar and the gerund, including regular endings and leyendo.
Read and practiseSpanish direct object pronouns: lo, la, los and las
Replace a known direct object with lo, la, los or las and place the pronoun correctly in a Spanish sentence.
Read and practiseSpanish comparisons: más, menos and tan
Compare people and things in Spanish with más que, menos que and tan como through examples and exercises.
Read and practiseRegular -ar verbs in the Spanish preterite
Describe completed past events with regular Spanish -ar preterite forms, examples and exercises.
Read and practiseRegular -er and -ir verbs in the Spanish preterite
Use regular -er and -ir preterite endings to describe completed past events, with examples and practice.
Read and practiseIntroduction to the Spanish imperfect
Describe past habits, background and continuing situations with the Spanish imperfect and practical examples.
Read and practiseBasic Spanish connectors: y, pero and porque
Connect ideas with y, o, pero, porque and así que using practical Spanish examples.
Read and practiseExistence in the past: había and hubo
Describe what existed or happened in the past with Spanish había and hubo, and practise singular impersonal forms.
Read and practiseObject pronouns beside Spanish infinitives
A pronoun can move around a verb pair: compare the position before a conjugated verb with attachment to an infinitive.
Read and practiseSpanish a before an infinitive of purpose
Movement toward an activity uses a before the infinitive; practise saying where someone goes and what they go to do.
Read and practiseGeneral obligation with hay que
Express general necessity with hay que and an infinitive, and distinguish it from a named person’s obligation.
Read and practiseIrregular preterite: hacer, querer and venir
Completed events call for irregular preterite stems in three common Spanish verbs, with a special spelling in one form.
Read and practisePersonal obligation with tener que
Say who has to do something in Spanish with tener que, choosing the form of tener and an infinitive.
Read and practisePreterite forms of decir and traer
Irregular stems and endings make it possible to report what someone said or brought at a completed moment in the past.
Read and practiseRecent completion with acabar de
Describe a recently completed action in Spanish with acabar de and an infinitive.
Read and practisePreterite stem changes in Spanish -ir verbs
Third-person past forms such as pidió and durmieron change their stem, while other persons keep the infinitive stem.
Read and practisePersonal a before direct objects
Learn when Spanish uses personal a before a person as a direct object, with examples and contextual practice.
Read and practisePreterite y and accents with vowel stems
A message was read and objects fell: see how vowel stems change in the Spanish preterite and where accents belong.
Read and practiseFeminine nouns with el: el agua
Understand why el appears before feminine nouns with stressed initial a, and keep adjectives and plural forms feminine.
Read and practiseRegular Spanish past participles
Regular endings turn Spanish infinitives into participles for compound tenses, as in a completed action expressed with haber.
Read and practiseAccented í in Spanish participles
A written accent separates the vowels in participles such as leído, oído and traído; compare them with construido.
Read and practiseIndirect object pronouns: me, te, le and les
Use Spanish indirect object pronouns to identify who receives something, with singular and plural examples.
Read and practiseNamed recipients and indirect object pronouns
A named recipient can appear alongside an indirect object pronoun in Spanish; see how singular and plural recipients affect the choice.
Read and practisePor qué and porque: why and because
Distinguish the Spanish question form por qué from the reason connector porque, including indirect questions.
Read and practiseGustar with infinitives
Talking about activities you enjoy calls for gusta before an infinitive, even when you name more than one activity.
Read and practisePor and para: cause and purpose
Distinguish a reason expressed with por from a purpose expressed with para in everyday Spanish sentences.
Read and practisePronouns after Spanish prepositions
After a preposition, Spanish uses stressed pronouns; discover the special forms for me and you and the combined forms with con.
Read and practisePrimer and tercer before masculine nouns
Learn when primero and tercero shorten to primer and tercer before masculine singular nouns in Spanish.
Read and practiseReciprocal actions with plural pronouns
People greet, help and write to one another: Spanish plural pronouns can express actions shared between people.
Read and practiseRelative que for people and things
Link a Spanish noun to a describing clause with relative que, referring to a person or a thing without an accent.
Read and practiseReflexive and nonreflexive actions
Compare washing yourself with washing someone or something else, and see how Spanish pronouns change the meaning.
Read and practiseSpanish present perfect with haber
Build the Spanish present perfect with present-tense haber and a past participle, and notice regional variation in recent events.
Read and practiseNadie, nada and nunca with no
Use Spanish negative words before or after a verb, and learn when no is needed in ordinary negative sentences.
Read and practiseIrregular affirmative informal commands
Give a friend clear instructions with eight common irregular Spanish command forms and distinguish affirmative from negative commands.
Read and practiseEsto, eso and aquello: unnamed things
Use Spanish neuter demonstratives esto, eso and aquello to refer to an unnamed thing, situation or idea.
Read and practiseFormal prohibitions with usted
A polite warning or instruction to one person takes a negative command form, with pronouns placed before the verb.
Read and practiseSer and estar: adjectives that change meaning
Compare Spanish adjectives such as listo and aburrido with ser and estar, and interpret their meaning from context.
Read and practiseLet’s do it: nosotros commands
A shared plan can become a suggestion with the Spanish nosotros command, including negative and reflexive forms.
Read and practiseEvent location with ser and people with estar
Say where a Spanish event takes place with ser and where people or objects are located with estar.
Read and practiseTransport: choosing en or a
Buses, bicycles and walking call for different prepositions in Spanish; practise the usual phrases for ways of travelling.
Read and practisePresent tense stem change e to ie
Conjugate Spanish e-to-ie stem-changing verbs in the present, including pensar, empezar and cerrar.
Read and practiseHace and desde hace: elapsed time
Say how long a situation has continued or how long ago an event happened with Spanish hace and desde hace.
Read and practiseMaterials and contents with de
A wooden spoon or a cup of tea: connect an object to its material or contents with a short Spanish preposition.
Read and practiseGran and grande before and after nouns
Choose gran or grande in Spanish according to its position and the noun’s number, with common exceptions.
Read and practiseClock times with the Spanish preposition
One o’clock or six o’clock: express when an event happens using the right article in Spanish.
Read and practiseSi and sí: if and yes
Distinguish unaccented Spanish si for a condition or indirect question from accented sí for affirmation.
Read and practisePresent stem change o to ue
Practise the Spanish present-tense o-to-ue stem change with poder, volver and dormir across different persons.
Read and practiseStarting points with desde
A journey or a period can begin at a place or moment; mark that starting point in Spanish.
Read and practisePresent stem change e to i
Conjugate Spanish e-to-i stem-changing verbs in the present using pedir, servir and repetir in context.
Read and practiseEndpoints with hasta
A destination or closing time sets a limit. Express where or when an action reaches its endpoint in Spanish.
Read and practiseRegular simple future in Spanish
Build the Spanish simple future with regular infinitives and endings, and describe future actions in context.
Read and practiseIrregular future stems in Spanish
Learn the irregular future stems tendr-, podr- and vendr- and add regular future endings in Spanish.
Read and practiseSomeone and nobody in Spanish
An unknown person or nobody at all: refer to people and place the negative word correctly in Spanish.
Read and practiseStressed possessives: mío, tuyo and suyo
Use Spanish stressed possessives such as mío and tuya to say whom an already identified object belongs to.
Read and practiseRegular affirmative tú commands
Give simple affirmative instructions to one person you address as tú using regular Spanish command forms.
Read and practiseInteresar and molestar: agreement with what affects someone
Use Spanish interesar and molestar to describe what interests or bothers someone, with singular and plural agreement.
Read and practiseSomething and nothing in Spanish
An unknown thing or no thing at all: express both ideas and place the negative word correctly in Spanish.
Read and practiseSpanish preterite of ser and ir: the same forms
Learn the shared preterite forms fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos and fueron and use context to distinguish ser from ir.
Read and practiseDejar de plus infinitive: stopping an action in Spanish
Learn to describe stopping an activity with dejar de followed by an infinitive, using six contextual Spanish examples.
Read and practiseIr, ser and ver in the Spanish imperfect
Learn the imperfect forms of ir, ser and ver to describe past habits and background with six contextual examples.
Read and practiseOtro and otra for another
Ask for another item in Spanish and match the form to the noun, whether you need one more thing or several.
Read and practiseSpanish preterite stems tuv-, estuv- and anduv-
Learn the irregular preterite of tener, estar and andar through contextual forms such as tuve, estuvimos and anduvo.
Read and practiseSpanish gerunds leyendo, cayendo, oyendo and trayendo
Learn the -yendo gerunds of leer, caer, oír and traer in contextual present-progressive sentences.
Read and practiseSpanish preterite of dar and ver
Practise preterite forms of dar and ver, including di, vio and dimos, through six contextual sentences.
Read and practiseCada for each and every
A single word can refer to each person or every occasion: see how cada works with singular nouns and verbs.
Read and practiseSpanish preterite spelling: busqué, llegué and empecé
Practise the first-person preterite spelling changes in -car, -gar and -zar verbs with contextual Spanish examples.
Read and practiseNingún, ninguna and ninguno in Spanish
Choose ningún before a masculine singular noun, ninguna before a regular feminine noun, and ninguno when a masculine noun is omitted.
Read and practiseAlgún, alguna, alguno and algunos in Spanish
Choose the form of Spanish alguno according to the noun’s gender, number and whether the noun is stated or omitted.
Read and practiseToo much: agreement with demasiado
Excess quantity in Spanish changes form before a noun, while the form used with verbs and adjectives stays the same.
Read and practiseTan and tanto in Spanish comparisons of equality
Compare equal qualities with tan and equal quantities with forms of tanto, using como to introduce the comparison.
Read and practiseEstar a punto de: saying something is about to happen
Use estar a punto de plus an infinitive to describe an action that is imminent but has not yet begun.
Read and practiseSpanish stem-changing gerunds: durmiendo, pidiendo and sirviendo
Form and recognize common irregular -ir gerunds such as durmiendo, pidiendo and sirviendo in ongoing actions.
Read and practiseBetter and worse in Spanish
Compare quality with irregular forms for better and worse, including plural agreement and the word that introduces a comparison.
Read and practisePast habits with solía and an infinitive
Describe a repeated past habit using imperfect soler followed by an infinitive in natural contexts.
Read and practiseCommon irregular past participles with haber
Use abierto, escrito, roto and other common irregular participles after haber in the present perfect.
Read and practiseProfessions with ser: when to use an article
Describe a person's profession with ser and compare an unmodified profession with one described by an adjective.
Read and practiseMaterial and origin with ser de
A wooden table or a person from Peru: describe material and origin in Spanish with a short construction.
Read and practiseWeather with impersonal hace
From sunny afternoons to windy mornings, describe conditions in Spanish with impersonal hace and familiar weather nouns.
Read and practiseContinuing actions with seguir and a gerund
An action is still in progress: express its continuation with a conjugated verb and a Spanish gerund.
Read and practiseRegular present subjunctive endings
Wishes and requests call for a different set of endings: form the regular present subjunctive for each person.
Read and practiseTwo object pronouns: se lo and se la
Combine Spanish recipient and direct object pronouns, including the change from le or les to se before lo and la.
Read and practiseFour irregular subjunctives: ser, ir, estar and saber
Express wishes, doubts and reactions with four common irregular verbs in the present subjunctive, including their full person forms.
Read and practiseSubjunctive spelling: -car, -gar and -zar
In present subjunctive forms, a small spelling change keeps the original consonant sound before the new ending.
Read and practiseSubjunctive after emotions
Emotional reactions to another person’s actions call for a distinctive Spanish clause; explore the pattern and its infinitive contrast.
Read and practisePolite requests with podría and gustaría
Make courteous Spanish requests with the conditional forms podría and gustaría, and choose the right person.
Read and practiseRequests with the Spanish subjunctive
A request directed at someone else takes a subordinate clause: practise the Spanish subjunctive after a verb of asking.
Read and practiseSubjunctive after dudar que
Doubt about a claim calls for the Spanish subjunctive after dudar que; see how the verb agrees and practise choosing its form.
Read and practisePassive se: se vende and se venden
Describe actions without naming who performs them using Spanish passive se and singular or plural agreement.
Read and practiseSubjunctive after denying a fact
A denied claim calls for the subjunctive after que; compare it with an affirmative statement and practise choosing the verb form.
Read and practiseNecessity with the Spanish subjunctive
Say that someone needs to act using an impersonal expression followed by que and the Spanish subjunctive.
Read and practiseSubjunctive for unidentified things
A search for an unidentified person or thing calls for a different mood from a statement about a known example.
Read and practiseImpersonal se: se vive and se trabaja
Use Spanish impersonal se to describe what people do in general without identifying a subject or actor.
Read and practiseBefore another event in Spanish
An earlier action can be placed before another event with a time clause and the Spanish subjunctive.
Read and practiseWithout another event happening
An action can take place without a second event: Spanish uses a subordinate clause to express that absence.
Read and practiseImperfect and preterite in a past story
Combine the Spanish imperfect for a past background with the preterite for an event seen as complete in that setting.
Read and practiseUntil a pending or completed endpoint
An endpoint still to come takes a different mood from an event already completed in a Spanish time clause.
Read and practiseAs soon as: future and routine
A future arrival and a daily habit call for different moods after the Spanish expression for as soon as.
Read and practiseRegular Spanish conditional for hypothetical outcomes
Form the regular Spanish conditional and discuss hypothetical outcomes using complete infinitives and shared endings.
Read and practiseAfter: pending and completed events
A pending event and a completed one take different moods in Spanish clauses meaning after.
Read and practiseWishes with the same subject
A wish and its action share a subject: Spanish commonly joins the desire verb directly to an infinitive.
Read and practiseWhat and the thing that
An unnamed thing or fact can be the subject or object of a Spanish relative clause meaning what or the thing that.
Read and practiseRelative quien and quienes after a preposition
Use Spanish relative quien and quienes after a preposition to refer back to one or more people.
Read and practisePossession with the relative cuyo
A possessive relative connects an owner to a noun and changes form to agree with the thing possessed.
Read and practiseEl que after prepositions
Connect a noun to a description after a preposition, choosing a relative form that agrees in gender and number.
Read and practisePresent subjunctive after querer que
Express wishes about another person in Spanish with querer que and regular present subjunctive forms.
Read and practiseReferring to a whole statement with lo cual
A delayed train, a changed plan or a surprise can all be followed by a comment on the entire event using lo cual.
Read and practiseAbstract ideas with the neuter article
An adjective can name an abstract quality or useful aspect when it follows the Spanish neuter article.
Read and practisePresent subjunctive: tenga, haga and salga
Form Spanish present subjunctive forms of tener, hacer and salir after expressions of wishes and needs.
Read and practiseCause with an infinitive
A missed train can have a cause: connect an outcome to an action with the Spanish causal infinitive.
Read and practiseTime with the infinitive after al
An arrival or a discovery can mark the moment of another event: express this link in Spanish with an infinitive.
Read and practiseBefore an action with the same subject
A quick check can precede a departure: connect two actions by the same person in Spanish.
Read and practiseRegular negative tú commands
Tell one person not to do something in Spanish using no and regular present subjunctive tú forms.
Read and practiseAfter an action with the same subject
A glass of water can follow a swim: connect two actions by the same person in Spanish.
Read and practiseDoing something again in Spanish
A second attempt, a repeated call or another visit can be expressed with a short verb construction.
Read and practiseObject pronouns with affirmative and negative commands
Place Spanish direct-object pronouns with affirmative and negative tú commands and preserve written stress.
Read and practiseHow long without an action in the past
Describe how long an action had not happened at a particular point in the past, using a duration and an infinitive.
Read and practiseConditional for probability in the past
A late arrival or an unanswered call can prompt a conjecture about what was happening at a particular time in the past.
Read and practiseAccidental events with se me, se te and se nos
Describe unintended events in Spanish with se plus an affected-person pronoun and a verb agreeing with the thing involved.
Read and practisePresent probability with the future
A light is on and someone may be inside: Spanish can use the future tense to guess what is happening now.
Read and practiseFinding out and meeting in the preterite
A piece of news or a first encounter can change how Spanish past-tense verbs are understood in context.
Read and practiseRegular Spanish commands for ustedes
Learn affirmative and negative commands for a group addressed as ustedes, using regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs.
Read and practiseThe imperfect for polite requests
A past tense can soften a request made now: explore how Spanish speakers ask for help or express a wish politely.
Read and practisePast progressive: estar and a gerund
A snapshot of an action in progress in the past: combine the imperfect of estar with a Spanish gerund.
Read and practiseDonde and dónde: relative places and questions
Distinguish unaccented relative donde referring to a place from accented dónde in direct and indirect questions.
Read and practiseAn interruption in the past progressive
An ongoing action sets the scene when a completed event interrupts it; compare the two past forms in everyday situations.
Read and practiseThe Spanish passive with an agent
A letter can become the subject of a passive sentence; learn how the participle agrees and when to name its agent.
Read and practiseIrregular stems in the Spanish conditional
Learn conditional forms such as tendría, haría and vendría for hypothetical situations, using stems shared with the future.
Read and practiseCommands to a group with vosotros
In Spain, affirmative and negative group commands have different endings and place object pronouns in different positions.
Read and practiseReported speech with a present reporting verb
When someone reports a statement with a present reporting verb, adjust the person and possessive to match the speaker and context.
Read and practiseMientras and the imperfect: simultaneous past actions
Use mientras with imperfect forms to describe two actions unfolding at the same time in the past.
Read and practiseSpanish pluperfect: había plus past participle
Use the pluperfect to describe an action completed before a past reference point, with forms such as había salido.
Read and practiseCreo que and no creo que: indicative and subjunctive
Compare affirmative creo que with negative no creo que and practise choosing indicative or subjunctive in these Spanish statements.
Read and practiseSpanish subjunctive after es importante que
Use present subjunctive after es importante que, es necesario que and es mejor que to express an assessment of an action.
Read and practiseAffirmative vos commands in Rioplatense Spanish
Recognize common affirmative vos commands such as hablá, comé and escribí, and compare them with familiar tú forms.
Read and practiseStem changes in Spanish present subjunctive: pensar and poder
Practise e-to-ie and o-to-ue stem changes in selected -ar and -er subjunctive forms, including pienses and puedas.
Read and practiseReflexive pronouns with Spanish infinitives and gerunds
Place reflexive pronouns before a conjugated verb or attach them to an infinitive or gerund in common Spanish constructions.
Read and practiseLlevar plus duration and gerund in Spanish
Use llevar plus a duration and a gerund to say how long an activity has continued up to the present.
Read and practiseEstar plus participle and the present perfect in Spanish
Distinguish a resulting state with estar and an agreeing participle from an action expressed with haber and an invariable participle.
Read and practiseRegular usted commands in Spanish
Form affirmative and negative usted commands for regular verbs and use them in polite requests and instructions.
Read and practiseSi plus present and future: likely conditions in Spanish
Build a possible future condition with si plus present and a result in the simple future, matching each verb to its subject.
Read and practiseCuando with subjunctive for future events and indicative for habits
Contrast subjunctive after cuando for an unrealized future event with indicative for a habitual event.
Read and practiseLlevar plus time and sin: how long without doing something
Use llevar plus a duration, sin and an infinitive to say how long an action has not happened up to now.
Read and practiseOjalá with the present subjunctive: expressing a wish
Express a wish about an uncertain present or future situation with ojalá and the present subjunctive.
Read and practiseExpressing purpose with para que and the subjunctive
Use para que with the subjunctive to explain the intended purpose of someone else's action.
Read and practisePor si with present indicative for precautions
Explain a precaution with por si and a present indicative verb for a possible future situation.
Read and practiseSpanish -ísimo: very intense adjectives and spelling
Form common intensified adjectives with -ísimo and notice the spelling changes in riquísimo, larguísimo and felicísima.
Read and practiseForming the Spanish imperfect subjunctive
Past wishes and hypothetical situations call for forms built from the third-person plural preterite stem.
Read and practisePluperfect subjunctive with hubiera
Earlier unreal events and past reactions call for the Spanish pluperfect subjunctive: form it with an auxiliary and a participle.
Read and practiseThe conditional perfect in Spanish
A missed call, an unrealised journey or a different choice can be expressed with the conditional perfect.
Read and practiseWishing the present were different with ojalá
Express wishes that run against the present situation, and choose between the two imperfect subjunctive endings in Spanish.
Read and practisePast regrets with ojalá
A past event cannot be changed, but Spanish lets you express a wish that it had happened differently.
Read and practiseCompleted actions with the present perfect subjunctive
A present reaction, doubt or possibility can refer to an earlier completed action using the Spanish present perfect subjunctive.
Read and practisePast wishes and requests in Spanish
A past wish, request or reaction can introduce an imperfect subjunctive clause with a different subject.
Read and practisePast reactions to earlier actions
A past reaction can refer to an earlier action with the pluperfect subjunctive; compare its two forms and practise the sequence.
Read and practiseTense shifts in Spanish reported speech
A past reporting verb can shift present, future and perfect forms as a speaker retells someone’s words from an earlier viewpoint.
Read and practiseReporting questions indirectly
A reported question can preserve a question word or introduce a yes-or-no question with si, while its tense follows the context.
Read and practiseReporting commands and requests
A past request or instruction can be reported with a subordinate clause; practise choosing the appropriate subjunctive form.
Read and practiseA menos que and the subjunctive
Plans often have an exception: express what could prevent an action with a Spanish conjunction and the subjunctive.
Read and practiseConditions with con tal de que
Set a condition for an outcome in Spanish and choose the subjunctive when that condition has yet to be fulfilled.
Read and practiseConditions with siempre que
A permission, plan or agreement can depend on a proviso; compare that meaning with a repeated habit in Spanish.
Read and practiseEn caso de que and the subjunctive
A contingency may never happen, but Spanish can describe the precautions taken for it with a subjunctive clause.
Read and practisePurpose in the past with para que
A past action can have a purpose expressed with para que and the imperfect subjunctive; explore both verb endings in context.
Read and practiseUnreal comparisons with como si
A person may act as if something were true or had already happened: express that comparison with past subjunctive forms.
Read and practiseResult and purpose with de modo que
An actual consequence or an intended outcome changes the mood after this Spanish connector.
Read and practiseDrawing a consequence in Spanish
A prior fact leads to a consequence expressed with a distinctive Spanish connector and the subjunctive.
Read and practiseRejecting one reason for another
A contrast between a rejected explanation and the actual cause makes your reason precise in Spanish.
Read and practiseWhoever the person may be
An unrestricted reference to a person takes a Spanish relative expression followed by the subjunctive.
Read and practiseHypothetical si clauses: imperfect subjunctive and conditional
Express hypothetical present or future situations with si plus imperfect subjunctive and a conditional result.
Read and practiseUnrestricted choice with the Spanish concessive relative
Whatever the option, a concessive relative and the subjunctive let you express an unrestricted choice.
Read and practiseSpanish future perfect: an action completed before a future point
Form the future perfect with future haber and a participle to describe completion before a specified future time or event.
Read and practiseGuessing what has already happened
A closed shop or an unanswered message can invite a tentative explanation about an event that has already happened.
Read and practiseSpanish unreal past conditions with si hubiera and habría
Build a hypothetical past condition with si plus the past perfect subjunctive and an imagined result with the conditional perfect.
Read and practiseGuessing what had happened
A missing coat or a wet street can invite a Spanish guess about what had happened before a moment in the past.
Read and practiseAunque with indicative and subjunctive
Compare a stated fact after aunque with a hypothetical concession expressed by the subjunctive.
Read and practiseReject an explanation with no es que
When an assumed reason misses the point, Spanish can reject it with the subjunctive and offer a different explanation.
Read and practise
Talking about a mother
A mother, a phone call and a family gathering: practise the Spanish noun in singular and plural with everyday examples.
Read and practiseCasa in Spanish: house and home
Use Spanish casa for a house or home, form casas and distinguish en casa from a particular house.
Read and practiseTalking about a brother
Everyday scenes with a brother: explore the singular and plural forms through examples and short practice.
Read and practiseLibro in Spanish: books and their subjects
Discuss a libro and its contents using the plural libros and the preposition de.
Read and practiseTalking about a child
Everyday scenes with a child: explore the singular and plural forms through examples and short practice.
Read and practiseAgua in Spanish: water and feminine agreement
Learn why Spanish agua is feminine despite el agua, and practise fría, esta agua and las aguas.
Read and practisePuerta in Spanish: doors and their state
Say whether a puerta is open or closed and practise the feminine plural puertas.
Read and practiseTalking about a cat
Everyday scenes with a cat: explore the singular and plural forms through examples and short practice.
Read and practiseMesa in Spanish: tables and restaurant seating
Use mesa for a table, form mesas and ask for a table for a particular number of people.
Read and practiseCiudad in Spanish: cities and their centers
Describe a ciudad in Spanish, form the plural ciudades and discuss a city center or historic district.
Read and practiseTalking about the head in Spanish
Everyday references to the head become easier with its gender, articles and plural, plus short practice.
Read and practisePan in Spanish: bread and quantities
Request pan or describe an amount of bread and practise the masculine plural panes.
Read and practiseTiempo in Spanish: time and weather
Distinguish tiempo as available time from tiempo as weather, and use tener tiempo para with an action.
Read and practiseNombre in Spanish: names and forms
Give or request a nombre and enter it on a form using this masculine Spanish noun.
Read and practiseTalking about the eye in Spanish
Everyday references to the eye become easier with its gender, articles and plural, plus short practice.
Read and practiseDía in Spanish: a day and its masculine gender
Learn why día is masculine despite ending in a, form días and talk about days in a weekly schedule.
Read and practisePersona in Spanish: one person and several people
Count personas of any gender and match cada persona with a singular verb in a sentence.
Read and practiseTalking about the mouth in Spanish
Everyday references to the mouth become easier with its gender, articles and plural, plus short practice.
Read and practiseLlave in Spanish: keys and opening doors
Form llaves and explain which key opens a door or belongs to a home using llave, a feminine noun.
Read and practiseGente in Spanish: people and singular agreement
Use gente for people as a group, choose feminine mucha and make the verb agree in the singular.
Read and practiseTalking about the foot in Spanish
Everyday references to the foot become easier with its gender, articles and plural, plus short practice.
Read and practiseMano in Spanish: hands and feminine gender
Learn why mano is feminine despite ending in o, form manos and describe the right or left hand.
Read and practiseBanco in Spanish: bank or bench by context
Distinguish banco as a financial institution from banco as a bench and form the plural bancos.
Read and practiseThe face in everyday Spanish
A face in a picture or a face washed in the morning: discover its Spanish noun, gender and plural with practice.
Read and practiseMes in Spanish: months and monthly routines
Use mes and meses for a calendar month, count months and describe something that happens every month.
Read and practiseHora in Spanish: clock times and durations
Ask the time, give a start time and describe a duration in hours with the feminine noun hora.
Read and practiseComida in Spanish: food and meals
Discuss what a meal contains with comida, which can mean food or a meal; practise the plural comidas.
Read and practiseTown squares in Spanish
A fountain, trees and a meeting place: talk about a town square and its plural in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseTren in Spanish: trains and travel by rail
Use tren and trenes to discuss departures and arrivals, and say en tren when travelling by train.
Read and practiseNoche in Spanish: night and evening expressions
Form noches and talk about activities in the evening or at night using noche, a feminine noun.
Read and practiseSpanish for a hotel stay
A room near the sea or a place to stay tonight: talk about hotels in Spanish and practise their singular and plural forms.
Read and practiseProblema in Spanish: a problem and masculine agreement
Explain a difficulty or exercise with the masculine problema and form the plural problemas.
Read and practiseAmigo and amiga in Spanish: talking about friends
Use amigo and amiga for friends and match the singular or plural form when talking about them.
Read and practiseEating at a restaurant in Spanish
A table outside or dinner with friends: describe a restaurant in Spanish and practise its masculine article and plural.
Read and practiseSemana in Spanish: weeks and weekends
Use semana and semanas to describe a weekly schedule, count weeks and ask about the weekend.
Read and practiseEscuela in Spanish: school and going there
Form escuelas and describe a school or the journey to one using escuela, a feminine noun.
Read and practiseFamilia in Spanish: family and collective agreement
Use the feminine noun familia for a family, form familias and match singular verbs with each family.
Read and practiseCalle in Spanish: streets and finding a location
Form calles and describe where a building is on a street using calle, a feminine noun.
Read and practiseDinero in Spanish: money, cash and amounts
Ask about an amount of dinero, mention cash and explain what the money is intended for.
Read and practiseSea in everyday Spanish
A view of the sea offers a way to practise a masculine noun, its plural and common expressions.
Read and practiseCafé in Spanish: coffee and the place
Use café for the drink or a café, order cafés and say whether coffee has milk or sugar.
Read and practisePregunta in Spanish: questions and answers
Request a repeated pregunta or an answer and practise the feminine plural preguntas.
Read and practiseMercado in Spanish: visiting a market
Use mercado and mercados for places to shop, ask where a market is and say when it opens.
Read and practiseMapa: map in Spanish
Use the masculine noun mapa for maps and practise its articles, plural and adjectives.
Read and practiseVentana: window in Spanish
Use ventana for a window in a room or on a screen, with feminine articles and the phrase mirar por.
Read and practiseRopa: clothing in Spanish
Talk about clothing and laundry using ropa with feminine singular agreement and common quantity words.
Read and practiseParque: park in Spanish
Describe a neighbourhood park with parque, its plural, and the contrast between going to and being in it.
Read and practiseLeche: milk in Spanish
Talk about milk at breakfast and in drinks with leche, feminine agreement and the measure un litro de.
Read and practiseEstación: station or season
Distinguish estación for a transport station and a season of the year, with its feminine form and plural.
Read and practiseMountain in everyday Spanish
A mountain landscape introduces a feminine noun, its plural and ways to describe a place outdoors.
Read and practiseSilla: chair in Spanish
Describe a chair and its location with silla, feminine articles, plural forms and useful place phrases.
Read and practiseBotella: bottle in Spanish
Use botella for a container and a quantity of water, with feminine articles and plural forms.
Read and practiseHijo and hija: children in a family
Learn hijo and hija for a son and daughter, and use hijos for children in a mixed group.
Read and practiseMédico and médica: doctor in Spanish
Name a doctor with médico or médica, practise agreement and use ser to describe a profession.
Read and practisePerro and perra: dogs in Spanish
Talk about a dog with perro and perra, practise plural forms and describe everyday activities.
Read and practisePueblo: town or village
Describe a town or village with pueblo, its masculine article, plural and community meaning.
Read and practiseCamino: path or way in Spanish
Use camino for a path or route and recognize the identical first-person verb form meaning I walk.
Read and practiseTrabajo: work or job in Spanish
Use trabajo for work, a job or a workplace and recognize the identical verb form I work.
Read and practiseNúmero: number in Spanish
Ask for a phone number and describe numbers with número, its masculine article, plural and accent.
Read and practiseSong vocabulary in Spanish
A favorite song provides a context for a feminine noun, its plural and the written accent in the singular.
Read and practiseTienda: shop in Spanish
Use tienda for a shop, ask where one is and describe opening hours with feminine forms.
Read and practiseTeléfono: phone in Spanish
Use teléfono for a phone, ask for its number and say you speak by phone, keeping the accent.
Read and practiseHospital: hospital in Spanish
Ask where a hospital is and describe going there with hospital, its masculine article and plural.
Read and practiseCoche: car in Spanish
Describe a car and travel by car with coche, masculine forms and regional alternatives.
Read and practiseFruta: fruit in Spanish
Talk about fruit at meals and markets with fruta, feminine agreement and the plural frutas.
Read and practiseLección: lesson in Spanish
Discuss a lesson with lección, its feminine article and the accent change in lecciones.
Read and practiseVerdura: vegetables in Spanish
Talk about vegetables in meals and markets with verdura, feminine agreement and the plural verduras.
Read and practiseArroz: rice in Spanish
Use arroz for rice in meals and shopping, measure it by the kilo and spell the plural arroces.
Read and practiseEstudiante: student in Spanish
Use estudiante for students of different genders and choose articles and plurals in context.
Read and practiseTalking about films in Spanish
A film night is a chance to practise a feminine noun, its plural and the accent that stays in both forms.
Read and practiseIdioma: language in Spanish
Use idioma to discuss languages, with its masculine article, plural and adjective agreement.
Read and practiseBiblioteca: library in Spanish
Locate a library with biblioteca, feminine forms and a distinction from a bookshop.
Read and practiseClase: class or kind in Spanish
Use clase for a lesson or class and recognize its meaning as a kind in another context.
Read and practisePlato: plate or dish in Spanish
Distinguish plato as a plate from plato as a prepared dish, with masculine forms and plural.
Read and practisePuente: bridge in Spanish
Locate and cross a bridge with puente, masculine articles, plural forms and the route preposition por.
Read and practiseRío: river in Spanish
Describe a river and its surroundings with río, masculine forms and the accent retained in ríos.
Read and practiseParada: stop in Spanish
Ask for a bus stop and describe a brief stop with parada, feminine forms and the plural.
Read and practiseReloj: clock or watch
Use reloj for a clock or watch, with masculine forms, its plural and expressions for telling time.
Read and practiseFecha: date in Spanish
Ask for and write a date using fecha, feminine forms and a day and month.
Read and practiseColour as a Spanish noun
Doors, clothes and drawings have colours: name one or several in everyday Spanish sentences.
Read and practiseCama: bed in Spanish
Describe a bed and its position with cama, feminine articles, plural forms and junto a.
Read and practisePrecio: price in Spanish
Ask and compare prices with precio, masculine forms and the expression precio alto.
Read and practiseLuz: light in Spanish
Describe light and lamps with luz, feminine agreement and the plural spelling luces.
Read and practiseSol: sun and sunshine in Spanish
Describe the sun and sunny weather with sol, masculine forms and the phrase hace sol.
Read and practiseFlor: flower and plural
Learn the feminine noun flor, its plural flores, and how to describe flowers and their location.
Read and practiseÁrbol: tree and plural
Locate things near an árbol and practise its masculine article and accented plural árboles.
Read and practiseLluvia: talking about rain
Describe rain, its effects and what happens after it in Spanish using lluvia, a feminine Spanish noun.
Read and practiseSopa: soup and ingredients
Describe a soup’s ingredients, temperature and serving using sopa, a feminine Spanish noun.
Read and practiseAsiento: seat and availability
Ask whether an asiento is free on a train or elsewhere and use its masculine forms.
Read and practiseBillete: ticket or banknote
Learn billete for a travel ticket or banknote, with context and a regional alternative for tickets.
Read and practiseMoneda: coin and currency
Learn moneda for a coin or a currency and describe denominations and payment in Spanish.
Read and practiseTarjeta: payment and other cards
Learn tarjeta for payment, transport and greeting cards, and ask whether a shop accepts cards.
Read and practiseVaso: drinking glass
Ask for a vaso of water and use this masculine noun for a drinking vessel.
Read and practiseTaza: cup and contents
Learn the feminine noun taza for a cup and describe its contents, handle and location.
Read and practiseCuchara: spoon at the table
Describe a spoon’s use, position and size at the table using cuchara, a feminine Spanish noun.
Read and practiseTenedor: fork at a meal
Request a tenedor politely at the table and practise its masculine plural tenedores.
Read and practiseCuchillo: knife for cutting
Describe a knife’s use, location and clean condition using cuchillo, a masculine Spanish noun.
Read and practiseEdificio: building and location
Describe a building’s entrance, height and location using edificio, a masculine Spanish noun.
Read and practiseBarrio: neighborhood and city
Describe a neighborhood, its places and its location using barrio, a masculine Spanish noun.
Read and practiseCamisa: describing a shirt
Describe a shirt’s color, size, buttons and condition using camisa, a feminine Spanish noun.
Read and practisePantalón: trousers and spelling
Learn pantalón for trousers, its plural spelling pantalones and how to describe fit.
Read and practiseZapato: shoes and fit
Describe shoes by color, comfort, size and location using zapato, a masculine Spanish noun.
Read and practiseBolsa: a bag for shopping
Describe a shopping bag’s contents, material and size using bolsa, a feminine Spanish noun.
Read and practiseAbrigo: coat for cold weather
Learn the masculine noun abrigo for a coat and describe its length, pockets and use in cold weather.
Read and practiseHabitación: rooms and accommodation
Learn habitación for a room, its plural habitaciones and how to describe a hotel room.
Read and practiseBaño: asking for the bathroom
Find out where a baño is and practise the masculine noun for a bathroom or restroom.
Read and practiseTecho: ceiling and roof
Learn techo for a ceiling or roof and use surrounding details to identify the intended surface.
Read and practiseonion in Spanish: food and shopping
onion: Talk about onion at the market and in the kitchen, with feminine articles and the plural form.
Read and practisepotato in Spanish: food and shopping
potato: Talk about potato at the market and in the kitchen, with feminine articles and the plural form.
Read and practiseAño in Spanish: years, age and duration
Use año and años for calendar years or age, and distinguish hace un año from desde hace dos años.
Read and practisecarrot in Spanish: food and shopping
carrot: Talk about carrot at the market and in the kitchen, with feminine articles and the plural form.
Read and practiseapple in Spanish: a fruit
apple: Find the right article and plural when talking about this fruit in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseorange in Spanish: a fruit
orange: Find the right article and plural when talking about this fruit in everyday Spanish.
Read and practisePadre and padres: father and parents
Use padre for a father and padres for parents together, with family examples and plural agreement.
Read and practisebanana in Spanish: a fruit
banana: Find the right article and plural when talking about this fruit in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiselemon in Spanish: a fruit
lemon: Find the right article and plural when talking about this fruit in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseMúsica: music in Spanish
Talk about listening, studying and choosing music with the feminine noun música and its accent.
Read and practiseAzúcar: sugar in Spanish
From sweetening coffee to reading food labels, azúcar names sugar; explore its gender, accent and plural in everyday Spanish.
Read and practisePimienta: pepper in Spanish
At the table or in the kitchen, pimienta names the pepper used as a spice; explore its article and plural.
Read and practiseViaje: trip or journey
Describe a trip with viaje, its masculine article and plural, and the means of transport.
Read and practiseMantequilla: butter in Spanish
At breakfast or while cooking, talk about butter in Spanish and recognise its feminine article and plural forms.
Read and practiseHarina: flour in Spanish
From baking bread to choosing different flours, harina helps you talk about ingredients and cooking.
Read and practiseMensaje: message in Spanish
Read, write and reply to a message with mensaje, masculine forms and the contraction al.
Read and practiseSalad in Spanish: a dish to share
From ordering lunch to preparing a picnic, talk about salad in Spanish with its articles and plural.
Read and practisePostre: dessert in Spanish
At the end of a meal, postre names the dessert; explore its masculine article and plural in everyday situations.
Read and practiseCarta: letter or menu in Spanish
Distinguish carta as a written letter from carta as a restaurant menu, with feminine forms and plural.
Read and practiseDesayuno: breakfast in Spanish
Breakfast at home or in a hotel gives you a chance to use desayuno with its article and plural.
Read and practiseAlmuerzo: lunch in Spanish
At the table or at work, talk about lunch in Spanish and choose the right article and plural form.
Read and practiseDinner in Spanish: the evening meal
At home or with family, talk about dinner in Spanish and practise its feminine articles and plural form.
Read and practiseInvierno: talking about winter
Describe winter weather, routines and seasonal plans using invierno, a masculine Spanish noun.
Read and practisePollo: chicken as food in Spanish
At the market or around the dinner table, pollo helps you talk about chicken as food and order a meal.
Read and practiseJamón: ham in Spanish
At the market or around the table, jamón means ham; see its article, plural and everyday uses.
Read and practiseVerano: talking about summer
Describe summer activities, daylight and seasonal plans using verano, a masculine Spanish noun.
Read and practiseSartén: frying pan in Spanish
From a hot pan to a clean one, talk about cooking with sartén and its feminine article and plural.
Read and practiseCooking pot in Spanish
A pot on the heat, a lid and a soup: talk about this everyday cooking vessel in Spanish.
Read and practiseCocina: kitchen and cuisine
Learn the feminine noun cocina for a kitchen or cuisine and describe the room and its use.
Read and practiseOven in Spanish
The hot oven and bread inside it offer everyday ways to talk about cooking at home in Spanish.
Read and practisePiso: apartment, floor or story
Learn piso for an apartment, a floor surface or a building story and use context to distinguish them.
Read and practiseRefrigerator in Spanish
Milk and cheese stay cold in this appliance: talk about where you keep food in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseWashing machine in Spanish
Towels and laundry go into this machine: talk about washing clothes at home in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseSuelo: floor and ground
Talk about the suelo beneath your feet, its condition and its location using masculine forms.
Read and practiseShower in Spanish
Water, a bathroom and a daily routine provide the setting for talking about showers in Spanish.
Read and practisePillow in Spanish
A soft place for your head at night: describe pillows and ask for another one in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseBolígrafo: a pen for writing
Learn bolígrafo for a ballpoint pen, its plural spelling and a useful request to borrow one.
Read and practiseBlanket in Spanish
A warm covering for cold evenings: describe a blanket and talk about where you keep it in Spanish.
Read and practiseLápiz: pencil and plural
Learn lápiz for a pencil, its plural lápices and how to describe drawing or writing in pencil.
Read and practiseWardrobe in Spanish
Clothes need a place to stay: describe a wardrobe and say what you keep inside it in Spanish.
Read and practiseCuaderno: notebook for notes
Learn cuaderno for a paper notebook and describe how you carry, use and store it.
Read and practiseDrawer in Spanish
Keys and cutlery need a place: talk about drawers, their contents and their plural form in Spanish.
Read and practiseStairs in Spanish
A staircase beside the kitchen: talk about going up and down stairs in everyday Spanish.
Read and practisePapel: paper and documents
Describe papel as writing material or documents and talk about individual sheets.
Read and practiseLift in Spanish
A ride to the third floor: ask about lifts and describe whether they are working in Spanish.
Read and practiseCorreo: mail and email
Learn correo for postal mail or email and use context to distinguish messages and addresses.
Read and practiseNeighbour in Spanish
Someone living next door: describe neighbours and choose masculine or feminine forms in Spanish.
Read and practiseRent in Spanish
Monthly housing costs: talk about rent, payments and what a rental includes in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseMochila: backpack in Spanish
Learn la mochila and mochilas for backpacks, with useful examples about carrying and packing.
Read and practiseBill in Spanish
A water charge or a repair invoice: discuss bills and payments in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseBicicleta: bicycle and transport
Learn la bicicleta, its plural and en bicicleta for talking about cycling and parking.
Read and practiseRubbish in Spanish
Taking out waste: talk about rubbish at home and in public places in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseQueso: cheese and quantities
Learn el queso and quesos, and ask for a little cheese when shopping or preparing food.
Read and practisePharmacist in Spanish
At the pharmacy: name a pharmacist and use the masculine and feminine forms in Spanish.
Read and practiseEnfermero: nurse in Spanish
At a clinic or hospital, refer to nurses with the right gender and plural forms of enfermero.
Read and practiseHuevo: egg and recipe quantities
Learn el huevo and los huevos to talk about eggs in recipes, breakfast and storage.
Read and practiseThe body in Spanish
Rest and movement: talk about the human body in Spanish and practise its article and plural.
Read and practiseSal: salt and small quantities
Learn la sal and useful quantities such as un poco de sal and una pizca de sal.
Read and practisePierna: leg in Spanish
A sore leg or tired legs call for pierna, a feminine noun with a regular plural and matching articles.
Read and practiseTomate: buying and preparing tomatoes
Learn el tomate and los tomates to discuss quantities, salads and tomato sauce.
Read and practiseBrazo: arm in Spanish
From describing pain to stretching, brazo helps you talk about arms with the right article and plural.
Read and practiseAceite: oil and measured amounts
Learn el aceite, aceite de oliva and quantities for cooking, salads and shopping.
Read and practiseTooth in Spanish
A sore tooth or a visit to the dentist gives you a reason to practise this Spanish noun and its plural.
Read and practiseCarne: meat, quantities and menus
Learn la carne to discuss meat, quantities and vegetarian choices when shopping or eating.
Read and practiseThe back in Spanish
A backpack, a chair and an aching back provide everyday contexts for this Spanish noun and its plural.
Read and practisePescado: fish as food
Learn el pescado for fish served as food and compare it with pez for a living fish.
Read and practiseJabón: soap and plural spelling
Learn el jabón and los jabones for washing hands, shopping and describing soap.
Read and practiseStomach in Spanish
An empty stomach or a stomach ache gives you everyday situations in which to use this Spanish noun.
Read and practiseToalla: towel and drying hands
Learn la toalla and las toallas to ask for a towel and describe where it is kept.
Read and practiseA cold in Spanish
A mild cold or a day spent resting at home provides a setting for this Spanish illness word and its plural.
Read and practiseEspejo: mirror and reflection
Learn el espejo and los espejos to find a mirror and describe looking at a reflection.
Read and practiseAvión: plane and plural spelling
Learn el avión, los aviones and en avión for talking about flights and travel.
Read and practiseAllergies in Spanish
Pollen in spring and food at the table offer everyday situations for talking about allergies in Spanish.
Read and practiseBarco: boat and travel by water
Learn el barco, los barcos and en barco for describing port departures and journeys.
Read and practiseMedication in everyday Spanish
A box, a label and a pharmacy provide everyday contexts for talking about medication in Spanish.
Read and practisePantalla: screen and displayed information
Learn la pantalla and las pantallas to talk about phone screens and displayed messages.
Read and practiseTeclado: keyboard and typing
Learn el teclado and los teclados to describe typing, keys and connecting a keyboard.
Read and practiseTalking about wounds in Spanish
A hand, a bandage and a visit to the doctor offer everyday contexts for describing a wound in Spanish.
Read and practiseFarmacia: finding a pharmacy
Learn la farmacia and las farmacias to ask for a pharmacy and check its opening hours.
Read and practiseCita: appointments and scheduling
Learn la cita and las citas to request, reschedule and ask about appointment times.
Read and practiseHelmets in everyday Spanish
A bicycle, a motorcycle and a cupboard provide everyday situations for talking about helmets in Spanish.
Read and practiseReceta: recipe and prescription
Learn la receta for a cooking recipe or a medical prescription and use context to distinguish them.
Read and practiseTraffic lights in Spanish
A red light, a bus and a market set the scene for talking about traffic lights and their colours in Spanish.
Read and practiseDolor: describing pain
Learn el dolor and dolores to describe where pain occurs and when it began.
Read and practiseFiebre: saying you have a fever
Learn la fiebre, tener fiebre and desde to explain when a fever began.
Read and practiseCorners in Spanish
A pharmacy on the corner and a cat in a room show how to name corners and give directions in Spanish.
Read and practiseMedicina: medicine and field of study
Learn la medicina for a medicine or the field of medicine and distinguish the context.
Read and practiseDirección: address and direction
Learn la dirección for a postal address or direction of travel and form the plural direcciones.
Read and practisePavements in Spanish
Wet leaves, a narrow walkway and a trip to school help you describe the pavement in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseCalendario: dates and planning
Learn el calendario and los calendarios to check dates, weeks and appointments.
Read and practiseRoads in Spanish
A river, mountain and snowy journey provide useful contexts for describing roads in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseMinuto: duration and future intervals
Learn el minuto and los minutos to express duration, waiting and a future departure.
Read and practiseReunión: meetings and gatherings
Learn la reunión and las reuniones to discuss meeting times, duration and family gatherings.
Read and practiseAutobús: bus and plural spelling
Learn el autobús, los autobuses and en autobús for stops, timetables and travel.
Read and practisePuerto: port and boat departures
Learn el puerto and los puertos to locate a port and describe a boat’s departure.
Read and practiseAeropuerto: airport and arrivals
Learn el aeropuerto and los aeropuertos to locate an airport and discuss arrivals.
Read and practiseMaleta: suitcase and packing
Learn la maleta and las maletas to pack a suitcase and ask where it is.
Read and practisePasaporte: passport and travel
Learn el pasaporte and los pasaportes to discuss checking and carrying a passport.
Read and practiseProfesor and profesora: teacher
Learn el profesor, la profesora and their plurals to ask questions in class.
Read and practiseTarea: task and assignment
Learn la tarea and las tareas to discuss assigned work and when to finish it.
Read and practiseExamen: exams and plural spelling
Learn el examen and los exámenes to discuss assessment dates and preparation.
Read and practiseUniversidad: university and study
Learn la universidad and las universidades to discuss university study and location.
Read and practiseEjercicio: exercise or practice
Learn el ejercicio for a language exercise and hacer ejercicio for physical activity.
Read and practiseRespuesta: an answer or reply
Learn la respuesta to discuss an answer to a question or a reply to a message.
Read and practisePalabra: a word or spoken words
Learn la palabra to discuss spelling and meaning, and palabras for what someone says.
Read and practiseFrase: phrase or sentence
Learn la frase to discuss a sentence in a text or an expression whose meaning needs context.
Read and practiseEjemplo: an illustrative case
Learn el ejemplo to ask for a case that illustrates an idea and use por ejemplo.
Read and practiseCurso: a course of study
Learn el curso to discuss an organized series of classes, its subject and duration.
Read and practiseArchivo: file or archive
Learn el archivo for a digital file and for an archive that preserves documents.
Read and practiseCarpeta: folder for papers or files
Learn la carpeta for a physical folder holding papers and a digital folder grouping files.
Read and practiseContraseña: password
Learn la contraseña to discuss signing in, changing a password and recovering account access.
Read and practiseCargador: charger for a device
Learn el cargador to discuss charging a phone or laptop and finding a compatible charger.
Read and practiseBatería: battery or drums
Learn la batería for stored electrical energy and the musical instrument played in a band.
Read and practiseCable: a physical connection
Learn el cable to connect devices, describe its length and locate a charger cable.
Read and practiseDelay and lateness in Spanish
A late train or a postponed delivery calls for a useful noun for delay, its plural and common phrases.
Read and practiseTrayecto: route and journey in Spanish
A bus ride, a commute or a change of route: trayecto describes the distance or route travelled between places.
Read and practiseTransbordo: changing transport in Spanish
A connection between routes calls for transbordo; explore its gender, plural and use when changing transport.
Read and practiseBreakdowns and faults in Spanish
A stopped train and faulty brakes show how to describe a breakdown, report it and use its plural.
Read and practiseDrivers on the road
A bus route, a taxi and a night shift offer ways to talk about the person driving a vehicle.
Read and practiseTraffic jams in Spanish
A blocked bridge or a slow motorway gives you useful ways to describe traffic jams and their effects.
Read and practisePedestrians in Spanish
Crossings, pavements and traffic lights provide practical contexts for talking about people travelling on foot.
Read and practiseDetours in Spanish
Roadworks, arrows and alternative routes offer practical ways to describe a detour and follow directions.
Read and practiseCustoms offices in Spanish
Suitcases and imported goods bring the Spanish word for customs into travel conversations and practical documents.
Read and practiseFrontera: border in Spanish
A border can divide countries or follow a river; explore the feminine noun, its plural and practical travel contexts.
Read and practiseAlojamiento: accommodation in Spanish
A hotel, rented room or student residence can provide alojamiento; explore its gender, plural and practical travel contexts.
Read and practiseEstancia: a stay in Spanish
A hotel booking or research visit can include an estancia; explore its feminine forms, plural and common uses.
Read and practiseHotel guests in Spanish
A pillow, a key and a note at reception offer ways to talk about guests and their needs during a stay.
Read and practiseReservations in Spanish
Breakfast, a name and a table for four provide useful contexts for discussing reservations in Spanish.
Read and practiseRefunds in Spanish
A cancelled flight, a card payment and a partial return of money show how to discuss refunds in Spanish.
Read and practiseReceipts in Spanish
A wallet, a payment date and an emailed document show how to ask for and keep receipts in Spanish.
Read and practiseDiscounts in Spanish
A lower price, a student offer and a ticket show how to discuss discounts in shops and practical situations.
Read and practiseGarantía: warranty in Spanish
A broken screen or a faulty appliance can raise questions about warranty coverage, receipts and the length of protection.
Read and practisePresupuesto: budget and estimate in Spanish
A trip, a repair or a public project may need a presupuesto: distinguish a spending plan from an estimate of costs.
Read and practisePropina: tip in Spanish
A restaurant bill or a guided tour may involve a tip; explore the Spanish noun, its gender and its plural.
Read and practiseSpanish vocabulary: change or exchange
Change or exchange: From practical messages to everyday conversations, explore change or exchange through examples and short exercises.
Read and practiseSpanish vocabulary: parcel
Parcel: From practical messages to everyday conversations, explore parcel through examples and short exercises.
Read and practiseSpanish vocabulary: delivery
Delivery: From practical messages to everyday conversations, explore delivery through examples and short exercises.
Read and practiseSpanish vocabulary: sender
Sender: From practical messages to everyday conversations, explore sender through examples and short exercises.
Read and practiseDestinatario: recipient in Spanish
Letters, parcels and messages have a recipient; identify the person or people intended to receive them.
Read and practiseBuzón: mailbox in Spanish
Letters and notices arrive in a buzón; explore its gender, plural and everyday uses in Spanish.
Read and practiseTrámite: administrative procedure in Spanish
From permits to online applications, trámite names an administrative procedure and helps you discuss its progress.
Read and practiseSolicitud: applications and requests in Spanish
A job, a permit or a scholarship can involve a solicitud; explore its feminine forms and common contexts.
Read and practiseDeadlines and time limits in Spanish
A Friday deadline or ten days to reply: discuss time limits and their extension in Spanish documents and conversation.
Read and practisePermiso: permission and permits in Spanish
A request at work or an official document can involve permiso; explore its gender, plural and common uses.
Read and practiseRequisito: requirement in Spanish
Applications and courses often have conditions. Talk about requirements, their plural and how to meet them in Spanish.
Read and practiseFormulario: form in Spanish
An appointment or application may require a formulario; explore its gender, plural and everyday administrative uses.
Read and practiseSpanish a signature in context
Discuss a signature in documents and conversations, with singular and plural forms and practical examples.
Read and practiseSpanish a copy in context
Discuss a copy in documents and conversations, with singular and plural forms and practical examples.
Read and practiseSpanish a contract in context
Discuss a contract in documents and conversations, with singular and plural forms and practical examples.
Read and practiseSpanish a salary in context
Discuss a salary in documents and conversations, with singular and plural forms and practical examples.
Read and practiseEmployment in Spanish
A hospital vacancy or a job near home: explore the Spanish noun for employment in everyday work situations.
Read and practiseThe Spanish working day
A working day can be short or continuous: discuss its length and schedule with practical Spanish examples.
Read and practiseShifts and turns in Spanish
A night shift or your turn to speak: distinguish two common uses of the same Spanish noun in context.
Read and practiseInterviews in Spanish
A job interview or a radio interview: talk about both situations and practise the feminine noun and its plural.
Read and practiseCurrículum: the Spanish word for résumé
A job application often calls for a résumé; see how this Spanish noun works in the singular and plural.
Read and practiseExperience and events: experiencia
From work history to memorable events, experiencia describes knowledge gained over time or something someone has lived through.
Read and practiseHabilidad: skill in Spanish
A job application or a conversation can call for a particular skill; explore the feminine noun, its plural and common patterns.
Read and practiseProyecto: project in Spanish
From community plans to workplace budgets, proyecto names a planned undertaking and takes masculine agreement.
Read and practiseGoals in Spanish
A clear goal can guide a team or a course. Discuss aims, changes and achievements using a useful Spanish noun.
Read and practiseResult and outcome in Spanish
A test result or an outcome can change a plan: explore this masculine noun in everyday and practical contexts.
Read and practiseAgreement and deals in Spanish
An agreement between groups can protect a forest or bring schools together; practise the noun in useful contexts.
Read and practiseGiving advice in Spanish
A useful tip can help with a trip or a study plan: explore the Spanish noun for a piece of advice.
Read and practiseOpinions in Spanish
A meeting can change a point of view. Express and compare opinions in conversations, surveys and practical writing.
Read and practiseReasons in Spanish
A delayed arrival or a visit may need an explanation. Talk about reasons in conversations and practical messages.
Read and practiseAdvantages in Spanish
A comfortable train or a nearby workplace can offer benefits. Discuss advantages and compare options in practical contexts.
Read and practiseDrawbacks and inconvenience in Spanish
A noisy flat or building work may cause trouble. Discuss drawbacks, inconvenience and objections in practical messages.
Read and practiseRisk and taking chances in Spanish
From fire hazards to decisions, express risk and talk about assessing or taking a chance in Spanish.
Read and practiseEffort and exertion in Spanish
Recognise the work behind a result and describe individual or collective efforts in Spanish.
Read and practiseAchievements and accomplishments in Spanish
Celebrate a result reached by a person or group and describe small and significant achievements.
Read and practiseHabits and customs in Spanish
Personal routines and shared customs come into focus with the feminine noun costumbre and its plural.
Read and practiseMemories in Spanish
A photograph can bring back memories. These examples show how to express Memories in everyday conversations and practical contexts.
Read and practiseSleep and dreams in Spanish
After lunch, you may feel sleepy. These examples show how to express Sleep and dreams in everyday conversations and practical contexts.
Read and practiseFear in Spanish
Heights and darkness can cause fear. These examples show how to express Fear in everyday conversations and practical contexts.
Read and practiseEmbarrassment in Spanish
Speaking before an audience may be embarrassing. These examples show how to express Embarrassment in everyday conversations and practical contexts.
Read and practiseFormulating an approach in Spanish
A report may frame a problem in several ways. Discuss how a proposal is formulated and how an approach changes.
Read and practiseApproaches and focus in Spanish
A practical method can shape a study or a debate. Describe its approach and identify the focus of professional discussions.
Read and practisePerspectives in professional Spanish
A client’s viewpoint can change a design. Discuss perspectives and broaden your understanding of a professional issue.
Read and practiseCriteria and judgment in Spanish
Clear standards help a committee choose fairly. Discuss selection criteria and the exercise of sound judgment at work.
Read and practiseArguments in Spanish
Arguments can shape a formal discussion. Explore its meaning, forms and use in professional settings.
Read and practiseReasoning in Spanish
Reasoning can shape a formal discussion. Explore its meaning, forms and use in professional settings.
Read and practiseEvidence in Spanish
Evidence can shape a formal discussion. Explore its meaning, forms and use in professional settings.
Read and practiseHypotheses in Spanish
A provisional explanation can guide an investigation; discuss hypotheses and the evidence needed to test them.
Read and practiseDrawing conclusions in Spanish
A report or debate can lead to a conclusion. Discuss findings and final judgments in formal and professional settings.
Read and practiseConsequences in Spanish
A decision can produce unforeseen effects. Discuss consequences and their causes in formal and professional situations.
Read and practiseDiscussing repercussions in Spanish
An announcement can attract attention or affect a sector. Explore repercussions and their reach in professional contexts.
Read and practiseEnvironments and surroundings in Spanish
A workplace, neighbourhood or digital setting can shape a project. Describe environments and surroundings in Spanish.
Read and practiseContext in Spanish
A quotation can change meaning when detached from its surroundings. Discuss background and circumstances in professional settings.
Read and practiseFields and spheres in Spanish
Professional life spans many fields. Describe areas of activity and distinguish a sphere from the scope of a project.
Read and practiseDefining scope in Spanish
A contract has boundaries. Explain what an agreement or project covers and where its scope ends in professional discussions.
Read and practiseChallenges at work in Spanish
A difficult task may demand new solutions. Discuss challenges, how teams face them and what it takes to overcome them.
Read and practiseCommitment and obligations in Spanish
A written pledge or sustained dedication can express commitment in professional and community settings.
Read and practiseResponsibility and duties in Spanish
A budget or a safety policy can place responsibility on a person or a whole team at work.
Read and practiseWork performance in Spanish
An evaluation or a negotiation can reveal how well someone performs a professional role or duty.
Read and practiseOutput and yield in Spanish
A machine, a crop or an investment can produce output or returns that are measured and compared.
Read and practiseProductivity at work in Spanish
Output per hour can reveal how effectively resources are used. Discuss workplace productivity and compare results across teams.
Read and practisePlantilla: workforce in Spanish
In workplace discussions, plantilla refers to the staff as a group; explore its gender, plural and professional use.
Read and practiseTrayectoria: career path and track record
A career path or an organisation’s history can be described with trayectoria, a feminine noun used in professional contexts.
Read and practiseLiderazgo: leadership in Spanish
Discuss leadership in teams and organisations, including the masculine noun and its plural in professional contexts.
Read and practiseNegotiation in professional Spanish
A contract under discussion: describe the negotiation process, its stages and the parties involved in Spanish.
Read and practiseConsensus in Spanish workplaces
A team seeks common ground: talk about reaching consensus and making decisions in formal Spanish.
Read and practiseDisagreement in professional Spanish
Different figures or opinions: describe a discrepancy and discuss how a team can address it in Spanish.
Read and practiseProposals in professional Spanish
A plan reaches the committee: describe, submit and consider proposals in formal Spanish at work.
Read and practiseProfessional Spanish: initiative
Professional Spanish — From workplace decisions to formal documents, explore initiative in context and practise its forms.
Read and practiseProfessional Spanish: strategy
Professional Spanish — From workplace decisions to formal documents, explore strategy in context and practise its forms.
Read and practiseProfessional Spanish: procedure
Professional Spanish — From workplace decisions to formal documents, explore procedure in context and practise its forms.
Read and practiseProfessional Spanish: regulations
Professional Spanish — From workplace decisions to formal documents, explore regulations in context and practise its forms.
Read and practiseLegislation in Spanish
Environmental rules and labour law belong to legislation. Discuss a body of laws and its application in professional contexts.
Read and practiseGrants in professional Spanish
Funding applications and public support provide a context for discussing grants in Spanish.
Read and practiseInvestment in professional Spanish
Capital, equipment and project risk provide a context for discussing investment in Spanish.
Read and practiseProfitability in professional Spanish
Returns, costs and project risk provide a context for discussing profitability in Spanish.
Read and practiseFacturación: billing and turnover in Spanish
Invoices and business reports call for facturación: distinguish the billing process from turnover and use its feminine forms.
Read and practiseCompetition and competence in Spanish
Contracts, digital skills and rival firms reveal how one Spanish noun expresses competition and competence in professional contexts.
Read and practiseTransparency in Spanish decisions
Public trust and open budgets provide a professional context for discussing transparency in Spanish.
Read and practiseSostenibilidad: sustainability in Spanish
Discuss environmental and economic sustainability in Spanish, using the feminine noun and its common constructions.
Read and practiseInequality in Spanish
Wage gaps and unequal access to education are topics for discussing inequality in reports and professional settings.
Read and practiseWell-being in Spanish
Workplace surveys and green spaces offer ways to discuss well-being in professional and public policy contexts.
Read and practise
Hablar in Spanish: speaking and conversation
Use hablar to say which language you speak, whom you speak with and what you talk about.
Read and practiseComer in Spanish: eating and meal times
Use comer to describe food and meal times, and practise regular present forms for different subjects.
Read and practiseTrabajar in Spanish: work, place and schedule
Use trabajar to describe where and when you work and practise regular present forms with different subjects.
Read and practiseVivir in Spanish: where and with whom you live
Use vivir to describe where and with whom you live and practise regular present-tense forms.
Read and practiseAbrir in Spanish: opening and the form abierto
Use abrir for opening a door or a venue, practise present forms and describe a door as abierta.
Read and practiseBeber in Spanish: drinking and beverages
Use beber for drinks, describe what someone drinks and practise its regular present-tense forms.
Read and practiseVenir in Spanish: coming and present forms
Use venir to say where someone comes from or comes to, and practise vengo, vienes and venimos.
Read and practiseNecesitar in Spanish: needing things and actions
Use necesitar with a noun or infinitive and practise its regular present forms to express a need.
Read and practiseLeer in Spanish: reading and reading aloud
Use leer to discuss books, messages and languages, and practise its present forms and en voz alta.
Read and practiseComprar: buy in Spanish
Practise comprar for buying food, tickets and clothes, with present forms and an infinitive after querer.
Read and practiseCerrar: close in Spanish
Use cerrar for doors, shops and accounts, and practise its e-to-ie change in present-tense forms.
Read and practisePagar: pay in Spanish
Practise pagar for bills and tickets, with present forms and phrases for paying by card or in cash.
Read and practiseCocinar: cook in Spanish
Use cocinar for preparing meals, with regular present forms, ingredients and an infinitive after querer.
Read and practiseCaminar: walk in Spanish
Use caminar to describe going on foot, with present forms and routes through familiar places.
Read and practiseSleep and bedtimes in Spanish
Bedtimes and hours of rest become easy to describe with the present forms of the Spanish verb for sleeping.
Read and practiseCorrer: run in Spanish
Describe running in familiar places with correr, its present forms and a contrast with caminar.
Read and practiseViajar: travel in Spanish
Use viajar for travel, destinations and transport, with regular present forms and an infinitive.
Read and practiseSeeing people and things with ver
Spot people and objects in Spanish while practising the irregular first-person present form and the personal preposition.
Read and practiseVender: sell in Spanish
Use vender for selling goods, practise regular present forms and distinguish the seller from the buyer.
Read and practiseGiving objects to someone in Spanish
Offer a flower or a book in Spanish and practise the irregular first-person present and the recipient of a gift.
Read and practiseSaber: know facts or skills
Use saber for facts and learned skills, practising the irregular first-person present sé.
Read and practiseMirar: look in Spanish
Use mirar for looking at objects or through a window, with present forms and an infinitive.
Read and practiseHaving drinks and taking transport
Order a drink or describe a journey in Spanish with a regular verb whose meaning depends on the object.
Read and practiseAprender: to learn in Spanish
Learn how aprender describes acquiring knowledge and how aprender a introduces a skill.
Read and practiseEstudiar: study in Spanish
Use estudiar to talk about a subject, where you study and preparation for an exam in Spanish.
Read and practiseJugar in Spanish: play games
A game of chess or football calls for jugar a; see its present forms and the change from u to ue.
Read and practiseEntrar: going inside
Learn entrar for going into a place and use en for the destination and por for the route.
Read and practiseSalir: leave or go out
Learn salir for leaving a place or going out, including irregular salgo and the preposition de.
Read and practiseBailar in Spanish: dancing to music
At a party or in the kitchen, bailar describes dancing; explore its present-tense forms and talk about moving to music.
Read and practiseLlegar: arriving at a place
Use llegar to describe arrivals, destinations and being early or late in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseLlevar: carry, take or wear
Learn llevar for carrying objects, taking things somewhere and wearing clothes in Spanish.
Read and practiseCantar in Spanish: singing songs
A song in the kitchen or at a party is a chance to describe who sings, using the present tense of cantar.
Read and practiseNadar in Spanish: where and when to swim
From a pool on Monday to the sea in summer, talk about swimming places and times with present-tense forms of nadar.
Read and practiseDrawing people and things
Explore Drawing people and things through Spanish examples, present forms, and a short practice round with feedback.
Read and practiseGoing up and boarding
Explore Going up and boarding through Spanish examples, present forms, and a short practice round with feedback.
Read and practiseGoing down and getting off
Explore Going down and getting off through Spanish examples, present forms, and a short practice round with feedback.
Read and practiseBirth: time and place
Explore Birth: time and place through Spanish examples, present forms, and a short practice round with feedback.
Read and practiseDeath and the Spanish verb for dying
A plant without water and other simple situations introduce the present forms used to describe dying.
Read and practiseResting after an activity in Spanish
After a walk or a long trip, describe taking a rest with regular present-tense forms and time expressions.
Read and practiseBuscar in Spanish: looking for things and places
Use buscar to look for a key, a place or a person and distinguish searching from finding something.
Read and practiseGetting out of bed in Spanish
Early mornings and late starts become easy to describe with reflexive pronouns and present-tense forms.
Read and practiseGoing to bed: Spanish present forms
Bedtimes before midnight or after dinner illustrate a reflexive verb whose stressed stem vowel changes.
Read and practiseEscuchar: to listen in Spanish
Use escuchar for listening to music, questions and people, with present forms and the personal a.
Read and practiseGetting dressed: the Spanish verb
Clothes for a party or a comfortable day offer ways to practise a reflexive verb with a changing stem.
Read and practiseEsperar: wait and hope in Spanish
Use esperar for waiting for people or transport and for hoping to do something, with personal a.
Read and practiseTaking a seat
Describe sitting down in Spanish, using the present tense and reflexive pronouns for different people and situations.
Read and practiseShowering in a routine
Describe taking a shower in Spanish, using the present tense and reflexive pronouns for different people and situations.
Read and practiseAyudar: help in Spanish
Use ayudar for helping a person or helping with an action, with personal a and an infinitive.
Read and practiseCombing your own hair
Describe combing your hair in Spanish, using the present tense and reflexive pronouns for different people and situations.
Read and practiseLlamar: call and be called
Use llamar for calling someone or knocking, and llamarse to introduce a name.
Read and practiseWaking up in Spanish
Birdsong, rain and an alarm frame the present forms used to describe waking up in Spanish.
Read and practiseFlying by plane in Spanish
Plane journeys and flight plans are easier to describe with the present tense of the Spanish verb for flying.
Read and practiseEscribir: write in Spanish
Use escribir for notes, names and messages, and practise present forms and the irregular participle escrito.
Read and practiseCrossing in Spanish: streets and the past
A street or bridge can be crossed: practise the present forms and the spelling of the first-person past.
Read and practiseConocer: know people and places
Use conocer for familiarity with people and places, practising conozco and contrasting saber.
Read and practiseTurning when giving directions
At the next corner, indicate a left or right turn in Spanish with the regular present forms of this useful verb.
Read and practiseFollowing a route or continuing
A path leads onward and an activity goes on: express both ideas with the present forms of this Spanish verb.
Read and practiseElegir: choose in Spanish
Use elegir for choices and practise elijo, the e-to-i change and the unchanged nosotros form.
Read and practiseStopping vehicles and actions
A train comes to a halt or a person stops an activity: express both situations in Spanish.
Read and practisePedir: request or order
Learn pedir for requesting help or ordering food, including its present-tense stem change.
Read and practiseRiding a bike and assembling furniture
A bicycle ride and a flat-pack shelf share one Spanish verb; see its present forms in context.
Read and practiseBuilding a house in Spanish
A new house takes shape: describe building it and practise the present form used for yourself.
Read and practiseOfrecer: offer something
Learn ofrecer for offering help or refreshments, including the irregular present form ofrezco.
Read and practiseFixing a broken object
A damaged lamp can work again: describe repairs in Spanish and practise the present tense.
Read and practiseCambiar: change and exchange
Learn cambiar for changing a date or seat and exchanging one thing for another in Spanish.
Read and practiseBreaking things and their state
A broken window tells a story: describe breaking objects and use the irregular Spanish participle.
Read and practiseServir: serve and be useful
Learn servir for serving food and for an object’s purpose, including its present-tense stem change.
Read and practiseFilling a container
A bottle takes cold water: describe filling containers in Spanish and name what goes inside them.
Read and practiseLimpiar: clean something
Learn limpiar for removing dirt and practice present forms with individual and collective subjects.
Read and practiseEmptying a container
A bag is emptied onto a bed: describe taking everything out and practise accented Spanish verb forms.
Read and practiseCostar: asking a price
Learn costar for prices, its present-tense stem change and agreement with one item or several.
Read and practiseMixing ingredients
Flour meets water in a bowl: describe combining ingredients in a Spanish recipe and practise present forms.
Read and practiseEncontrar: find something
Learn encontrar for finding an object, place or answer, including its present-tense stem change.
Read and practiseBoiling water in Spanish
Water reaches a boil: describe heating it for tea or pasta and practise the changing present-tense stem.
Read and practisePerder: lose or miss
Learn perder for losing belongings or missing transport, including its present-tense stem change.
Read and practiseFrying food in Spanish
Hot oil and a pan: describe frying food, practise present forms and recognise the participle used in a completed action.
Read and practiseGuardar: keep, put away or save
Learn guardar for keeping objects, putting things away and saving a digital file.
Read and practiseBaking food in Spanish
Bread in the oven: describe baking food and practise the regular present-tense forms used for different people.
Read and practiseEnviar: send a message or package
Learn enviar for sending messages and packages, including the accent in present forms such as envío.
Read and practisePeeling fruit and vegetables in Spanish
A pear for breakfast: describe removing the skin from produce and practise regular present-tense forms for different people.
Read and practiseRecibir: receive a message
Learn recibir for receiving messages, invitations or goods and contrast it with enviar.
Read and practiseWatering plants in Spanish
A thirsty garden: describe watering plants and practise the stem change and the spelling of the first-person past form.
Read and practiseResponder: answer or reply
Learn responder for answering questions and replying to messages, with useful present forms.
Read and practiseGrowing people and plants in Spanish
From seedlings to children: describe growth and practise the irregular first-person present alongside the other forms.
Read and practiseProbar: taste and try on
Learn probar for tasting food or trying on clothes, including its present-tense stem change.
Read and practiseTraer: bring something
Learn traer for bringing objects to a place, including the irregular present form traigo.
Read and practiseCaring for others in Spanish
A neighbour’s cat or a family member: describe caring for people, animals and plants with regular present forms.
Read and practiseQuerer: want or care for
Learn querer for wants and affection, including its present-tense stem change and infinitive pattern.
Read and practiseFeeding people and animals in Spanish
From a hungry cat to a baby at mealtime, describe feeding someone and practise the regular present tense.
Read and practisePoder: can and be able
Learn poder for ability or possibility, its present-tense stem change and the following infinitive.
Read and practiseDeber: obligation and debt
Learn deber for obligations or owing money, with present forms and a following infinitive.
Read and practiseSharing things and activities in Spanish
A table, an umbrella or a walk: express what people share and who takes part using present-tense forms.
Read and practiseHacer: do, make and weather
Learn hacer for doing tasks, making things and common weather expressions, including hago.
Read and practisePoner: put and put on
Learn to place objects and put on clothes with poner, including the irregular present form pongo.
Read and practiseLending an object in Spanish
From a bicycle to a library book, identify the lender, the object and the person who receives it temporarily.
Read and practiseSacar: take something out
Learn sacar for removing things from a place and notice the past spelling saqué.
Read and practiseApagar: turn off a light or device
Learn apagar for switching off lights and devices and notice the past spelling apagué.
Read and practiseReturning an item in Spanish
A borrowed book or a purchase: say what goes back, where it goes, and practise the changing present stem.
Read and practiseEncender: turn on a light or device
Learn encender for switching on lights and devices, including the stem change in enciendo.
Read and practisePensar: think, consider and intend
Learn pensar en for having someone in mind and pensar plus an infinitive for intention.
Read and practiseRenting rooms and vehicles
A room near the station or a car for a journey: describe a rental and identify who pays for the use.
Read and practiseCortar: cut food and paper
Learn cortar to divide food or paper and describe the tool or size of the pieces.
Read and practiseLavar: wash objects and hands
Learn lavar for washing dishes, clothes and vegetables, and lavarse las manos for washing hands.
Read and practiseSecar: dry objects and hands
Learn secar for drying dishes and secarse for drying hands or things becoming dry.
Read and practiseCharging a price or receiving pay in Spanish
A delivery fee or a monthly salary: Spanish distinguishes the person receiving money from the person paying it.
Read and practiseDecidir: make a decision
Learn decidir plus an infinitive and decidirse a for making up one’s mind to act.
Read and practiseSentir: feel and describe feelings
Learn sentir for sensations and emotions and sentirse for describing how someone feels.
Read and practiseWeighing ingredients and objects
A suitcase on a scale or flour for a recipe: describe an object’s weight and the action of weighing it.
Read and practiseDejar: leave and stop doing
Learn dejar for leaving an object or condition and dejar de plus an infinitive for stopping an action.
Read and practisePreguntar: ask a question
Learn preguntar to ask a question, identify the person addressed and ask about a topic.
Read and practiseMeasuring length with medir
A table, a wall or a person’s height: describe measurements in Spanish and practise the first-person form.
Read and practiseExplicar: make something clear
Learn explicar to explain an idea or route to someone and notice the past spelling expliqué.
Read and practiseVisitar: visit places and people
Learn visitar for visiting a place or person and the personal a before a specific person.
Read and practiseRecordar: remember and recall
Learn recordar for remembering people and things, including recuerdo and recordamos.
Read and practiseSigning documents in Spanish
A contract, a letter or a petition can all carry a signature: practise the Spanish verb for signing documents.
Read and practiseOlvidar: forget and leave behind
Learn olvidar and olvidarse de to discuss forgotten appointments, objects and actions.
Read and practiseEmpezar: start an action
Learn empezar and empezar a plus an infinitive for starting a task, class or activity.
Read and practiseTerminar: finish an action
Learn terminar and terminar de plus an infinitive for ending a task or activity.
Read and practiseRellenar in Spanish: filling in a form
Forms and applications call for personal details: express who fills them in and practise the present tense of rellenar.
Read and practiseConducir: drive a vehicle
Learn conducir to describe driving and its irregular present form conduzco.
Read and practiseReservar: book a table or seat
Learn reservar for booking tables, rooms and seats and mentioning the time or people.
Read and practiseCancelar: cancel a plan or booking
Learn cancelar for canceling an appointment, reservation or planned trip.
Read and practiseImprimir in Spanish: print a document
A ticket, a map or a report can go from screen to paper; explore imprimir and recognise the form impreso.
Read and practiseUsar: use an object or service
Learn usar to describe using objects, transport and glasses for a purpose.
Read and practiseAcompañar: go with someone
Learn acompañar to go with a person to a place and ask whether someone can come along.
Read and practiseInvitar: invite someone
Learn invitar to invite a person to a place, a gathering or an activity.
Read and practiseEntender: understand and ask again
Learn entender for understanding a question or explanation and ask for repetition.
Read and practiseConectar in Spanish: joining a network
A phone, printer or laptop can join a network: describe the connection with conectar and its present forms.
Read and practiseRepetir: say or do again
Learn repetir to ask someone to say something again or repeat an exercise.
Read and practiseOír: hear a sound
Learn oír to describe hearing music, voices and a doorbell in everyday situations.
Read and practiseTraducir: translate into another language
Learn traducir to discuss translating messages, instructions and documents between languages.
Read and practisePronunciar: say a word aloud
Learn pronunciar to ask how a name sounds and describe speaking words clearly.
Read and practisePracticar: practise a skill
Learn practicar to discuss language practice, music and swimming, including the past form practiqué.
Read and practiseCreer: belief and opinion
Learn creer que to express an opinion and creer en to describe belief in something.
Read and practiseDesconectar in Spanish: unplug and switch off
A disconnected device or a break from work: explore the forms and meanings of desconectar in everyday situations.
Read and practiseAdjuntar in Spanish: attach a file
A file can accompany an email or message: express what you attach and identify the present and past forms of adjuntar.
Read and practiseErasing and deleting in Spanish
A wrong date or an old file: describe removing writing and digital material with present and past forms.
Read and practiseAgradecer: thank someone for something
Learn agradecer to express thanks for help or information and use the form agradezco.
Read and practiseCopiar in Spanish: making a copy
Documents, addresses and files can be copied in Spanish with copiar; explore its present forms and a past-tense contrast.
Read and practisePegar in Spanish: paste and stick
From a pasted address to a label on a box, pegar connects digital text and physical objects in everyday situations.
Read and practiseSubrayar in Spanish: underline a passage
A pencil line can mark a key word or passage; explore the present forms of subrayar and distinguish them from the past.
Read and practiseAnotar in Spanish: writing details down
A name, address or time is easy to forget; anotar lets you say you are recording it for later reference.
Read and practiseResumir in Spanish: summarize the main points
A meeting, an article or a report can be shortened to its main points with resumir and its regular present forms.
Read and practiseBrief mentions in Spanish
A person or a detail can enter a conversation briefly: explore this verb through present forms and a past contrast.
Read and practiseCommenting on events in Spanish
News or a match can prompt a comment: discuss an event with someone or add a remark about it.
Read and practiseGiving an opinion in Spanish
A bridge or a proposal can invite an opinion: express your view with a topic or a full statement.
Read and practiseUsing the Spanish verb aconsejar
Water for a walk or time to rest: give someone advice with an infinitive or a clause in the subjunctive.
Read and practiseRecomendar in Spanish: making recommendations
A good café, a useful action or advice for someone else: recomendar helps you offer suggestions with the right verb forms.
Read and practiseSugerir in Spanish: making suggestions
A plan, a place or a change can be proposed with sugerir; explore its present forms and suggestions with que.
Read and practiseAdvertir in Spanish: warning someone
A slippery path, a change of plans or a possible danger: express a warning with advertir and its present forms.
Read and practiseAvisar in Spanish: letting someone know
A changed time or an upcoming event calls for a timely message; avisar helps you tell someone what is happening.
Read and practiseComplaining about a problem in Spanish
Noise, delays and cold can all prompt a complaint: say what bothers you with the Spanish verb for complaining.
Read and practiseClaiming a correction or missing item
A wrong bill or missing parcel calls for action: request a correction or claim what is owed in Spanish.
Read and practiseDenying a claim or refusing a request
An accusation or a loan request can be denied: learn the changing present-tense stem and use it in context.
Read and practiseAccepting an offer in Spanish
An invitation, a job offer or a condition can receive a positive response: express acceptance in Spanish.
Read and practiseTurning down offers and applications
An offer or an application can be turned down: express refusal and spell the first-person past form correctly.
Read and practiseGiving someone permission
A library, a museum or a family can allow someone to act: express permission and identify who may do what.
Read and practisePreventing an action
Rain, noise or a barrier can stop an action: describe what prevents someone from doing something with a Spanish subordinate clause.
Read and practiseStating a firm requirement
A contract, a school or a resident can make a firm demand: learn the present forms and the spelling of the first person.
Read and practiseFormally requesting or applying
A certificate or a job opening calls for a formal request: express what you are asking for in Spanish.
Read and practiseObtaining and managing in Spanish
A ticket or an open window can be the result: express obtaining something or managing to carry out an action.
Read and practiseAchieving goals and completing actions
A shared goal or a measurement can be achieved: describe a successful outcome or an action brought to completion.
Read and practiseTrying to do something
A new song or a heavy box can invite an attempt: say what someone tries to do without promising success.
Read and practiseAvoiding questions and responsibilities
An uncomfortable question or an obligation can be evaded: describe deliberate avoidance in Spanish and practise the present and past forms.
Read and practiseSolving problems in Spanish
A stubborn puzzle or a dispute can be settled: express a solution and practise the irregular past participle.
Read and practiseChecking facts and equipment
Before leaving or using a device, verify an address, a date or a microphone with this Spanish verb.
Read and practiseFinding out information in Spanish
A library schedule, a caller or a noise has an answer to discover; practise finding it and spelling the past form.
Read and practiseReconocer in Spanish: recognize and acknowledge
A familiar voice or an admitted mistake calls for reconocer: explore its present forms and the difference between recognition and acknowledgment.
Read and practiseImaginar in Spanish: picture a possibility
Picture a different future, a place or a possible situation with imaginar and its present and past forms.
Read and practiseSupposing and making assumptions
An uncertain arrival can be expressed as an assumption; explore present forms and a common construction.
Read and practiseDudar in Spanish: expressing uncertainty
A doubtful claim, an uncertain choice or a questionable answer calls for dudar and its different constructions.
Read and practiseNoticing a change in Spanish
A shift in a voice or an unexpected smell can catch your attention; practise describing the detail you notice.
Read and practiseObserving processes and details
Clouds move and plants grow: describe watching a process carefully or spotting a detail in Spanish.
Read and practiseComparing two options in Spanish
A train or a bus? Put one option beside another and describe a comparison using the right preposition.
Read and practiseExpressing dependence in Spanish
Weather can decide a trip, and a train can determine an arrival: express what an outcome depends on.
Read and practiseIncluding something in a price or group
A breakfast in the price or a neighbour in a group: express what is included and form the present tense.
Read and practiseDescribing contents in Spanish
A parcel or a report may hold something inside: describe its contents and practise the present forms of the Spanish verb.
Read and practiseBelonging and ownership in Spanish
A key can belong to a person and a person to a group: express ownership and membership with Spanish present forms.
Read and practiseEvents and ideas in Spanish
An event happens or an idea comes to mind: describe both with Spanish forms of the verb and the right pronoun.
Read and practiseReporting events and succession
An unexpected event or a change of office calls for a precise verb: describe what happened or who took over in Spanish.
Read and practisePlantear in Spanish: raise an idea
A question at a meeting or a possible solution can be brought forward with plantear; explore its forms and common patterns.
Read and practiseAbordar in Spanish: address an issue
A meeting, report or conversation can tackle a subject directly. Explore present forms and the accented past form of abordar.
Read and practiseArgumentar: support a position in Spanish
Reasons and evidence give a position weight: explore argumentar, its present forms and how to express support or opposition.
Read and practiseRefuting an argument with evidence
A claim can be challenged with evidence: express a reasoned rebuttal and practise the present tense in Spanish.
Read and practiseCuestionar in Spanish: challenge an idea
A decision, assumption or set of figures can be questioned with reasons; explore forms of cuestionar in context.
Read and practiseMatizar in Spanish: qualify a statement
A broad claim can need a qualification; explore matizar, its present forms and a spelling change in the past.
Read and practiseClarifying an unclear point
A confusing condition or deadline becomes easier to understand when you clarify it in Spanish.
Read and practiseGiving reasons for a decision
A delayed project or a difficult choice calls for reasons: explain or justify an action in Spanish.
Read and practiseFundamentar: substantiate a claim in Spanish
Ground a proposal, diagnosis or conclusion in evidence with fundamentar and its regular verb forms.
Read and practiseRespaldar in Spanish: backing an idea or person
Evidence can back a claim, and people can support a colleague: explore how respaldar expresses both kinds of support.
Read and practiseValorar in Spanish: assess and appreciate
A decision can call for assessing options, while a kind gesture may deserve appreciation; valorar expresses both.
Read and practiseEstimating figures and judging
An approximate cost or a considered opinion calls for a versatile Spanish verb; practise its forms and meanings.
Read and practiseCalculating amounts and time
A table’s area or the time a job needs can be calculated or estimated with this Spanish verb.
Read and practiseForeseeing outcomes with a Spanish verb
A report predicts higher prices: explore how to express a forecast and spell this verb in the present, past and future.
Read and practiseAnticipating and bringing forward
Expected difficulties invite preparation; an appointment can also be moved to an earlier time with this Spanish verb.
Read and practisePostponing an event in Spanish
A meeting moves to May: express a delay to a later date and spell the first-person past form correctly.
Read and practiseSpeeding up in Spanish
A faster vehicle or a shorter procedure: express an increase in speed with the Spanish verb for acceleration.
Read and practiseAfectar in Spanish: describing effects
A storm, a delay or a piece of news can affect people and plans; explore the verb’s forms and its direct object.
Read and practiseInfluir in Spanish: shaping an outcome
Weather, choices and costs can shape an outcome; explore influir en and its present and past forms.
Read and practiseContributing to an outcome
A shared effort can advance a result: express contributions to goals and actions with the appropriate Spanish construction.
Read and practiseExplaining what a decision implies
A choice can involve a change, cost or action: express its implications with the Spanish present tense.
Read and practiseConsequences and responsibilities of an action
Moving, taking a role or opening a shop can entail costs and duties: express those consequences in Spanish.
Read and practiseExpressing what a process requires
A demanding task may need time, tools or action: practise the Spanish verb for stating its requirements.
Read and practiseFavorecer in Spanish: help or give preference
Conditions can promote a process, while a decision can benefit or favor a person; explore the forms and meanings of favorecer.
Read and practisePerjudicar in Spanish: causing harm
A decision, delay or action can harm a person or an outcome; explore the forms and uses of perjudicar.
Read and practiseGarantizar in Spanish: promises and guarantees
A contract or service may guarantee access, a price or a response; express the scope and limits of that promise in Spanish.
Read and practiseCumplir in Spanish: keeping promises and meeting requirements
Promises, deadlines and requirements call for cumplir, with or without con; explore its forms and the difference in meaning.
Read and practiseBreaking an obligation
A missed deadline or broken promise calls for a precise verb: describe failure to honour an agreement or obligation in Spanish.
Read and practiseResigning and giving something up
A post, a right or a prize can be given up: express resignation and renunciation in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsumir in Spanish: accept or suppose
Responsibility, costs and unverified facts call for different uses of asumir; explore its forms and meanings in context.
Read and practiseEstablecer in Spanish: rules and deadlines
A rule, relationship or deadline can be established in Spanish; explore establecer and its irregular first-person form.
Read and practiseKeeping an agreement or state
A promise, a closed door and a steady schedule show how Spanish expresses keeping an agreement or condition in place.
Read and practiseMaking a specific alteration
A revised schedule, contract clause or report page shows how to express a specific modification in Spanish.
Read and practiseGrande and gran in Spanish: size and importance
Learn when Spanish grande becomes gran before a singular noun and practise its plural grandes.
Read and practisePequeño in Spanish: small things and agreement
Describe small objects with pequeño and match pequeña, pequeños and pequeñas to their nouns.
Read and practiseFácil in Spanish: easy tasks and plural agreement
Describe an easy question or recipe with fácil, form fáciles and say whether something is easy for you.
Read and practiseBueno and buen in Spanish: good things and agreement
Learn bueno, buena and their plurals, and use buen before a masculine singular noun such as libro.
Read and practiseLargo: long in Spanish
Describe long streets, journeys and meetings with largo, using agreement and the contrast with corto.
Read and practiseNuevo: new in Spanish
Describe new objects with nuevo and its agreeing forms, and contrast a new item with an old one.
Read and practiseFrío: cold in Spanish
Describe cold drinks, surfaces and winter days with frío and its gender and number agreement.
Read and practiseLimpio: clean in Spanish
Describe clean tables, clothes and dishes with limpio, agreement and its contrast with sucio.
Read and practiseAlto: tall or high in Spanish
Describe height and position with alto, its agreeing forms and the contrast with bajo.
Read and practiseDifícil: difficult in Spanish
Describe difficult questions and tasks with difícil, its plural difíciles and the contrast with fácil.
Read and practiseCaro: expensive in Spanish
Describe expensive purchases with caro, its agreeing forms and the contrast with barato.
Read and practiseDulce: sweet in Spanish
Describe sweet food and drinks with dulce, its plural dulces and the contrast with salado.
Read and practiseBonito: pretty or lovely in Spanish
Describe attractive places and things with bonito and practise its gender and number forms.
Read and practiseBarato: inexpensive in Spanish
Describe inexpensive items with barato, its agreeing forms and the contrast with caro.
Read and practiseCaliente: hot things
Describe hot food, water and objects with caliente, its plural and the verb estar in Spanish.
Read and practiseLleno: full of something
Describe full containers and crowded places with lleno, its agreement and the preposition de.
Read and practiseVacío: empty and unoccupied
Describe an empty container, an unoccupied seat and an empty room using vacío and its forms.
Read and practiseTranquilo: calm and quiet
Describe a calm person or quiet place with tranquilo, agreement and ser or estar in context.
Read and practiseCómodo: comfortable or at ease
Describe comfortable objects and people at ease with cómodo and adjective agreement.
Read and practiseMismo: the same
Use mismo to identify the same person or thing and agree it with the noun in Spanish.
Read and practiseDistinto: different
Use distinto to compare different things and agree it with the noun in Spanish.
Read and practiseOld age and long-standing friendship
An old clock, an elderly neighbour or a long-standing friend: explore how position and agreement shape this Spanish adjective.
Read and practiseShort and low in Spanish
A low wall, a short person and lamps near the ground show how this adjective describes height and position.
Read and practiseYoung people and the accented plural
A young doctor and young artists introduce an adjective with one singular form and a plural written with an accent.
Read and practiseWhite objects in Spanish
White walls, cups and clouds offer a way to practise this Spanish colour and its agreement with nouns.
Read and practiseBlack objects and agreement
A black hat or a dark stone: practise the Spanish colour adjective as it agrees with singular and plural nouns.
Read and practiseBlue things in Spanish
Blue doors and balloons illustrate a Spanish colour adjective that keeps one singular form and adds a plural ending.
Read and practiseShort lengths and durations
A short path, skirt or break: describe distance, clothing and time with a Spanish adjective that agrees with its noun.
Read and practiseUnattractive things in Spanish
An ugly lamp or an unappealing drawing invites a personal opinion while practising Spanish adjective agreement.
Read and practiseSeguro: safe and sure
Learn seguro for safety and certainty, including agreement and estar seguro de with a noun.
Read and practiseSalty flavours in Spanish
A salty soup or a handful of salted nuts helps you describe flavour and practise adjective agreement.
Read and practiseBitter tastes and experiences in Spanish
Coffee can taste bitter, and a farewell can feel bitter too. Explore both meanings and adjective agreement.
Read and practiseRápido: quick and fast
Describe fast transport and quick responses with rápido, its agreement and an adverbial use.
Read and practiseSour flavors in Spanish
A sharp taste in yogurt, fruit or a drink calls for an adjective that agrees with the thing being described.
Read and practiseLento: slow speed
Describe slow movement or a slow connection with lento and adjective agreement.
Read and practiseBroken objects and agreement
A broken window or a damaged phone calls for estar and an adjective that matches the object in gender and number.
Read and practiseOpen in Spanish: abierto
Doors, shops and opportunities can be open: see how this Spanish adjective changes with the noun.
Read and practiseMalo: bad and agreement
Learn malo, mala and malos, including the shortened form mal before a masculine singular noun.
Read and practiseClosed places and objects in Spanish
A shut bank, a sealed bottle and blocked roads show how Spanish describes things that are closed.
Read and practiseSaying someone is ill in Spanish
A sick teacher, neighbour or friend: describe illness in Spanish and match the adjective to the person.
Read and practiseVerde: green and agreement
Learn verde and verdes for green objects and traffic lights, with singular and plural agreement.
Read and practiseHealthy people and habits in Spanish
A healthy grandparent, daily walking and wholesome meals show how Spanish describes health and healthy habits.
Read and practiseRojo: red and adjective agreement
Learn rojo, roja, rojos and rojas to describe red objects and a pedestrian signal.
Read and practiseKindness with the Spanish adjective
A courteous message or a helpful neighbor: describe kind people and gestures with Spanish adjective agreement.
Read and practiseFriendly people in Spanish
A welcoming neighbour and a helpful waiter show how to describe friendly people and avoid a misleading English lookalike.
Read and practiseOcupado: busy and occupied
Learn ocupado and ocupada to describe busy people and occupied seats, tables or bathrooms.
Read and practiseNervous feelings in Spanish
Before a concert or an exam, describe nervous feelings and match the adjective to the person.
Read and practiseLibre: free and available
Learn libre and libres for available seats, free time and hands that are not occupied.
Read and practiseAngry with someone in Spanish
A late arrival or a noisy neighbour can make someone angry: express the feeling and name its cause in Spanish.
Read and practiseSurprise in Spanish
An unexpected gift or a strange sound can leave someone surprised; describe the feeling and its cause.
Read and practiseSucio: dirty and needing cleaning
Learn sucio, sucia and their plurals to describe dirty objects, floors and hands.
Read and practiseCorrect answers and actions
A correct answer, calculation or decision can be described in Spanish with an adjective that agrees with its noun.
Read and practisePesado: heavy objects
Learn pesado, pesada and their plurals to describe weight when carrying or packing.
Read and practiseDangerous places and situations
A dark staircase or a rough crossing can be dangerous; describe risks in Spanish with agreement.
Read and practiseLigero: light in weight or food
Learn ligero, ligera and their plurals for light objects, clothing and meals.
Read and practiseImportant people and events
A meeting, a person or a task can matter greatly; express importance in Spanish and match singular or plural.
Read and practiseFeliz: happy and plural spelling
Learn feliz and felices to describe happiness and write the plural with c.
Read and practiseTriste: sad and agreement
Learn triste and tristes to describe sad feelings, stories and memories.
Read and practiseCansado: tired and needing rest
Learn cansado, cansada and their plurals to describe tired people and the need to rest.
Read and practiseFuerte: strong, sturdy or loud
Learn fuerte to describe physical strength, sturdy bags, intense coffee and loud sounds.
Read and practiseDébil: weak or faint
Learn débil for low strength or intensity in a person, signal, light or argument.
Read and practiseNecesario: needed or required
Learn necesario to describe requirements and say that an action is necessary.
Read and practiseÚtil: useful for a purpose
Learn útil to describe helpful information, tools and advice and explain what they help achieve.
Read and practisePosible: possible or feasible
Learn posible to ask whether an action can be done and discuss possible solutions.
Read and practiseDisponible: available to use or meet
Learn disponible for rooms, tickets, information and people who can meet at a given time.
Read and practiseClaro: clear, light or bright
Learn claro to describe an understandable explanation, a light color and a bright room.
Read and practiseSeco: dry or not sweet
Learn seco for dry clothes and weather, and for wine without a sweet taste.
Read and practiseMojado: wet from water
Learn mojado to describe wet ground, clothing and objects after rain or contact with water.
Read and practisePride in Spanish
A sister, a team or an achievement can inspire pride: express that feeling and connect it to its cause in Spanish.
Read and practiseWorried about someone or something
A worried neighbour or a concerned nurse can describe the cause of their worry and agree the adjective with the person.
Read and practiseFeeling ashamed in Spanish
A hurtful comment or a forgotten promise can cause shame; describe the feeling and its cause in Spanish.
Read and practiseJealousy with celoso
A friend’s success or a partner’s attention can prompt jealousy; see how the adjective agrees and connects to its cause.
Read and practiseGenerosity in Spanish
A shared harvest or a generous portion shows how this adjective describes people, support and amounts.
Read and practisePatience in Spanish
A teacher and a gardener show how patience applies to people and slow processes, with singular and plural forms.
Read and practiseStubborn people in Spanish
A rejected suggestion and a fixed plan illustrate stubbornness and show how this adjective agrees with the person described.
Read and practiseSincerity in Spanish
An honest friend, an apology and an opinion illustrate sincerity and the agreement of this adjective with people and words.
Read and practiseAffectionate people and gestures in Spanish
A warm smile or a loving farewell can show affection; see how the Spanish adjective agrees with people and gestures.
Read and practiseShyness in Spanish conversations
A shy neighbour or a hesitant introduction offers a way to describe shyness and match the adjective to the person.
Read and practiseNoisy streets and machines
A noisy street, neighbours and machines show how a Spanish adjective changes to match the thing being described.
Read and practiseHumid air and damp objects
A humid climate, damp towels and wet shoes show how this adjective changes to match the noun it describes.
Read and practiseSpacious and broad in Spanish
A roomy kitchen and a wide choice of cheeses show how to describe space and variety with one Spanish adjective.
Read and practiseNarrow spaces and tight clothes
A narrow street or a tight jacket calls for an adjective that changes with the gender and number of the noun.
Read and practiseSoft textures and mild flavors
A soft blanket, a mild cheese and quiet music show how one Spanish adjective describes several gentle qualities.
Read and practiseHard surfaces and tough situations
A hard surface, a harsh winter and a difficult decision show how this adjective changes with the noun and the context.
Read and practiseDepth and intensity in Spanish
A deep lake, far-reaching roots and a powerful feeling show how this adjective describes physical depth and intensity.
Read and practiseSurface and depth: superficial
A shallow wound and an incomplete analysis show how the same Spanish adjective describes surfaces and a lack of depth.
Read and practiseRecent events and adjective position
A recent report and new changes show how Spanish describes events close to the present and places the adjective around a noun.
Read and practiseAncient or former: where antiguo goes
An old bridge and a former teacher reveal how the position of this Spanish adjective can change its meaning.
Read and practiseOne’s own and characteristic in Spanish
A personal bicycle and a regional custom show how Spanish expresses ownership and characteristic qualities.
Read and practiseWhat is indispensable?
A resource or action can be essential to a goal; see how the Spanish adjective agrees with nouns and introduces an action.
Read and practiseDeciding what is dispensable
A useful tool or an extra meeting may be dispensable when a team decides what it can do without.
Read and practiseReasonable requests and arguments
A fair price, a practical deadline and a convincing explanation show how to judge what is reasonable in Spanish.
Read and practiseReliable sources and equipment
Assess the trustworthiness of information and equipment in Spanish, and explain what makes them dependable.
Read and practiseDemanding people and requirements
A demanding job or teacher can require sustained effort; describe expectations and their effects in Spanish.
Read and practiseRigorous methods and standards
Careful research and strict standards call for a Spanish adjective that describes rigour in method and practice.
Read and practiseAmbiguous statements and readings
Two possible readings of a message can make its meaning uncertain; explain ambiguity in Spanish.
Read and practiseSpecific details in Spanish
A concrete proposal or a precise date can turn an abstract idea into something people can act on.
Read and practiseAbstract ideas and concrete examples
A discussion, a painting and a plan show how an abstract idea can become clearer through a concrete example.
Read and practiseTemporary arrangements and tentative results
A temporary agreement, a preliminary result or a tentative date can all be described with an adjective that leaves room for change.
Read and practiseDefinitivo: the final version
A provisional draft gives way to a final version: see how definitivo describes decisions, dates and decisive events.
Read and practiseFeasible plans in Spanish
A proposal can be realistic under one budget and impossible under another; assess whether it can be carried out.
Read and practiseCoherent ideas and consistent actions
A coherent argument fits its evidence, while consistent actions match a goal or a person’s words.
Read and practiseHarmful effects in Spanish
A noisy environment, a damaged harvest and other situations show how to describe harm to people and things in Spanish.
Read and practiseRelevant to the question
A detail, a date or a letter can matter because it helps answer a particular question or make a decision.
Read and practiseDespacio: slowly in Spanish
Use despacio to describe slow speech and movement, and compare it with deprisa for speed.
Read and practiseHoy in Spanish: talking about today
Use Spanish hoy for the current day, arrange a time and distinguish today from ayer and mañana.
Read and practiseBien: well in Spanish
Use bien for how an action is done or how someone feels, and contrast it with bueno and mal.
Read and practiseAquí in Spanish: here and nearby places
Use aquí to identify the speaker’s location, invite someone over and contrast here with allí.
Read and practiseMañana in Spanish: tomorrow and the morning
Distinguish mañana meaning tomorrow from la mañana meaning morning and arrange a time for the next day.
Read and practiseSiempre in Spanish: always and not always
Use siempre for a regular habit and distinguish no siempre from never in everyday schedules.
Read and practiseAhora in Spanish: the present moment and later
Use ahora for the current moment, contrast it with después and say whether you are available now.
Read and practiseNunca: never in Spanish
Learn where nunca goes in Spanish negative sentences and contrast never with siempre, meaning always.
Read and practiseCerca: near in Spanish
Describe nearby places using cerca, cerca de and the contraction del, and contrast near with lejos.
Read and practiseTemprano: early in Spanish
Describe early departures and arrivals with temprano and contrast it with tarde, meaning late.
Read and practiseAllí: there in Spanish
Use allí for a place away from the speaker, compare it with aquí and practise its written accent.
Read and practiseAfuera: outside in Spanish
Use afuera for an outside location or movement outward, and understand regional preference for fuera.
Read and practiseTarde: late or afternoon
Distinguish the adverb tarde for late actions from the feminine noun in por la tarde.
Read and practiseTambién: also and too in Spanish
Add an affirmative idea with también and contrast agreement with negative statements using tampoco.
Read and practiseMuy: very in Spanish
Intensify adjectives and adverbs with muy and distinguish it from mucho before a noun.
Read and practisePronto: soon in Spanish
Learn pronto for an event expected soon and the everyday farewell hasta pronto with natural examples.
Read and practiseDespués: after and later
Learn después to order events and después de before a noun or infinitive in Spanish.
Read and practiseDentro: inside a place
Learn dentro for an interior location and dentro de before a named container or place.
Read and practiseArriba: up and upstairs
Learn arriba for an upper location or upward direction and use de arriba to identify an upper object.
Read and practiseEncima: above or on top
Learn encima and encima de to describe something above or on top of another object.
Read and practiseDebajo: underneath something
Learn debajo and debajo de to locate something below a named object or an understood reference.
Read and practiseLejos: far away
Learn lejos for distance and lejos de before a named point of reference.
Read and practiseEnfrente: opposite a place
Learn enfrente for a position opposite and enfrente de before a named point of reference.
Read and practiseYesterday in Spanish: the previous day
A completed visit, a purchase or a journey can be placed on the previous day with this Spanish time word.
Read and practiseAnoche: last night in Spanish
A conversation about the previous night calls for anoche, a compact Spanish time word for completed events.
Read and practiseMucho: doing something a lot
A lot of reading or walking: Spanish mucho describes the amount of an action and has agreeing forms before nouns.
Read and practiseTodavía: still and not yet
Use todavía to describe continuing situations and events that have not happened yet in Spanish.
Read and practiseCasi: almost and nearly
Use casi for quantities, times and events that approach a limit without fully reaching it.
Read and practiseAntes: before and earlier
Learn antes for an earlier time and antes de before a noun or infinitive in Spanish.
Read and practiseYa: already and not yet
Learn ya for a completed action or existing situation and contrast it with todavía no.
Read and practiseQuizá: perhaps and possibility
Learn quizá and quizás for an uncertain possibility and practice their spelling in context.
Read and practiseAbajo: down and downstairs
Learn abajo for a lower location or downward direction and use de abajo to identify a lower object.
Read and practiseDetrás: behind something
Learn detrás and detrás de to locate something at the back of a named or understood reference.
Read and practiseTampoco: neither and not either
Learn tampoco to agree with a negative statement and place it correctly before or after a verb.
Read and practiseMal: badly and unwell
Learn the adverb mal to describe actions done badly, faulty devices and feeling unwell.
Read and practiseAdemás: adding information
Learn además and además de to add information, activities or items in a sentence.
Read and practiseLuego: then and later
Learn luego to order actions and refer to a later conversation or future need.
Read and practiseAlrededor: around and approximately
Learn alrededor and alrededor de for positions around a place and approximate amounts.
Read and practisePoco: doing little
A short night or a quiet meeting can call for poco; see how it differs from a word describing a small number of things.
Read and practiseDeprisa: quickly and at high speed
Learn deprisa to describe quick actions and ask someone to slow down when speech is too fast.
Read and practiseQuite and enough: Spanish degree
A warm soup, a long walk or enough chairs: express degree and quantity while noticing noun agreement.
Read and practiseEntonces: then and therefore
Learn entonces to refer to a past time, introduce a consequence or sequence actions.
Read and practiseToo much degree in Spanish
A heavy backpack or a late arrival can cross a limit: express excess before adjectives and adverbs.
Read and practiseAsí: like this or in this way
Learn así to describe a manner or link an action to a result in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseOnly: limiting a statement in Spanish
One person, one object or one action: place the limiting adverb near the part you want to single out.
Read and practiseAhí: there at an indicated place
Learn ahí to point to a place in conversation and contrast it with aquí and fuera.
Read and practiseUsually in Spanish: expressing a general habit
Most days follow a pattern: describe what normally happens while leaving room for occasional exceptions.
Read and practiseDelante: in front
Learn delante to describe a position in front of a person, building or other reference point.
Read and practiseTogether in Spanish: agreeing with people
Shared activities bring people together: choose the form that matches the group when describing what they do.
Read and practiseExactamente: with precision
Learn exactamente to specify an exact time or quantity and ask for a precise meaning.
Read and practiseRight away and shortly afterwards
A quick response or a near departure calls for an expression of immediacy; explore it in everyday situations.
Read and practiseAproximadamente: about or roughly
Learn aproximadamente to give estimated times, distances, prices and quantities.
Read and practiseRecently completed actions in Spanish
Fresh bread and newly arrived books show how recent completion is expressed, with a note on regional usage.
Read and practiseConfident expectations in Spanish
Clouds, opening hours and plans invite a confident prediction: express what is likely without treating it as a guarantee.
Read and practiseHardly and as soon as
A nearly empty jug and an immediate reaction illustrate two common uses of this Spanish adverb.
Read and practiseSuficientemente: enough in Spanish
A sufficient degree can be expressed before an adjective or adverb, whether the statement is positive, negative, or a question.
Read and practiseIncluso: even in Spanish
An unexpected person, time or circumstance can be included with incluso, the Spanish word for even.
Read and practiseSencillamente: simply in Spanish
A simple way to do something or a straightforward explanation: sencillamente expresses both ideas in Spanish.
Read and practiseFinally in Spanish: outcomes and sequences
After several attempts or at the end of a list, this adverb introduces the outcome or final step in Spanish.
Read and practiseProbably in Spanish: expressing likelihood
A forecast or an uncertain plan can be likely without being certain; express that distinction and place the adverb naturally.
Read and practiseEspecially in Spanish: singling something out
Among a group of people, things or circumstances, highlight the one that matters most with a common Spanish adverb.
Read and practiseFrecuentemente: frequently in Spanish
Repeated visits, delays and meetings can happen often without occurring every day; describe and compare their frequency.
Read and practiseDaily frequency in Spanish
Everyday routines and recurring services can be described with one adverb that specifies an interval of one day.
Read and practiseCurrent situations in Spanish
A present situation may change later: describe what is happening now with a Spanish adverb of time.
Read and practiseCoincidence and precision in Spanish
The exact place, moment or thing can be highlighted with an adverb that points to a precise match.
Read and practiseDeliberate actions in Spanish
A choice made on purpose can be distinguished from an accident with an adverb expressing intention.
Read and practiseUnverified claims in Spanish
A rumour about a painting or a train can be reported without presenting the information as confirmed fact.
Read and practiseUnavoidable consequences in Spanish
With no fuel an engine must stop: express a consequence that cannot be avoided under stated conditions.
Read and practiseGradual change in Spanish
A path narrowing or a room filling can develop in stages over time; describe the process with precision.
Read and practiseMatching ordered lists in Spanish
Two boxes weigh two and three kilos: use the adverb that pairs each item with the corresponding value in order.
Read and practisePrior actions in Spanish
A reservation or an agreement can take place before another event; express that earlier timing precisely.
Read and practiseConsequences linked in Spanish
A flooded road leads to a cancelled trip: connect an outcome to its cause with a formal Spanish adverb.
Read and practiseExpressing hunger in Spanish
Hunger before class or after a walk: describe who needs food with a useful Spanish expression.
Read and practiseSaying you are thirsty
After exercise or on a journey, express thirst in Spanish and say who wants a drink.
Read and practiseFeeling cold and hot in Spanish
A chilly room or a warm bus: describe how a person feels using two everyday Spanish expressions.
Read and practiseTalking about speaking Spanish
At home, in class or with a neighbour: say who speaks Spanish and where they use it.
Read and practiseSaying where someone lives
A small village, an island or the city centre: describe where people live in Spanish.
Read and practiseGoing places on foot
A trip to the market or the station can be made on foot: describe how you travel in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking for a Spanish word
Forgotten a word in Spanish? Ask how to say it and specify the language you want.
Read and practiseHacer una pregunta, una llamada and una reserva
Learn useful Spanish combinations with hacer for asking a question, making a call and making a reservation.
Read and practiseDar un paseo, un consejo and las gracias
Dar appears in expressions whose meaning is best understood as a whole. Use common Spanish combinations with dar for taking a walk, offering advice and expressing thanks.
Read and practiseTener prisa, sueño and razón in Spanish
Use the Spanish expressions tener prisa, tener sueño and tener razón to talk about hurry, sleepiness and being right.
Read and practiseSaying what frightens you
A storm, a dog or speaking in public: describe fears of things and actions in Spanish.
Read and practiseTalking about luck
Good weather or a missed train: talk about good and bad luck in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseHaving time for an activity
A coffee, a walk or a call: say whether there is enough time for an activity in Spanish.
Read and practiseDescribing a problem
A printer, a bicycle or a lack of space: describe a problem and what it concerns in Spanish.
Read and practiseTalking about regular exercise
Before breakfast or at the park: describe when and where you exercise regularly in Spanish.
Read and practiseTaking a trip in Spanish
From a weekend away to a journey for work, talk about taking trips and say where, how or with whom you travel.
Read and practiseMaking a list in Spanish
A shopping trip, a party or a journey is easier to organize with a list; talk about what goes on it in Spanish.
Read and practiseTaking the bus and other transport
A trip to work, a museum or an island can start with a bus, train or ferry; see how Spanish names the journey.
Read and practiseSpanish combinations with poner: table, attention and complaint
Learn poner la mesa, poner atención and poner una queja in six everyday Spanish contexts and practise choosing the right noun.
Read and practiseGoing for a coffee
A coffee after class can be an invitation to spend time together. Find the natural Spanish phrase and try it with other drinks.
Read and practiseGiving someone a hug
A greeting, a farewell or a moment of comfort can call for a hug; describe the gesture in Spanish.
Read and practiseGiving someone a kiss
A kiss on the cheek or a goodbye kiss can express affection or greet someone in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking for permission
Before opening a window or changing a schedule, ask someone for permission in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking for help
A heavy bag, a difficult task or a move can be easier when you know how to ask someone for help in Spanish.
Read and practiseApologizing for an action
A late arrival or a broken glass: express an apology and name the person and the reason in Spanish.
Read and practisePaying attention to someone or something
A teacher, a road sign or a sound can deserve your attention: describe where you direct it in Spanish.
Read and practiseChanging clothes in Spanish
From a swim to a party, talk about changing clothes and say when or where you do it.
Read and practiseChanging your mind in Spanish
A conversation, a menu or a new experience can lead to a different decision; express that change in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking someone to stand up
A photo, a greeting or a meeting: ask someone to rise and describe standing up in Spanish.
Read and practiseStaying at home
A rainy day or a quiet evening at home: describe staying in and practise the Spanish expression in context.
Read and practiseSpanish expressions with tener: care, desire and consideration
Practise tener cuidado, tener ganas de and tener en cuenta in Spanish with six contextual examples and clear distinctions.
Read and practiseHaving a good time together
A picnic, a game or a party: describe enjoying time together in Spanish with this everyday expression.
Read and practiseArriving late
Traffic, a meeting or a class: explain in Spanish that someone arrives after the expected time.
Read and practiseSpanish expressions with echar: missing, helping and glancing
Learn echar de menos, echar una mano and echar un vistazo in six contextual examples and choose each expression by meaning.
Read and practiseHacer la cama, hacer la compra and hacer la maleta
Use common Spanish expressions for making a bed, shopping for supplies and packing a suitcase.
Read and practiseHacer, sacar and tomar una foto in Spanish
Learn three common ways to say take a photo and recognize that preferences vary among speakers and places.
Read and practiseTomar una decisión, medidas and nota
Learn common Spanish combinations with tomar for making decisions, taking measures and noting information.
Read and practiseShared interests and traits
Music, a garden or a shared theme: express what people and things have in common in Spanish.
Read and practiseWhen events take place
A meeting in a library or a concert on Saturday: describe where and when events happen in Spanish.
Read and practiseMaking sense in Spanish
A question, a plan or an explanation: say whether an idea makes sense and sounds reasonable.
Read and practiseAchieving and enjoying success
A campaign, film or recipe can succeed: describe success and popularity with a Spanish expression.
Read and practiseHacer falta, hacer caso and hacer planes
Use three Spanish hacer expressions to talk about needing something, heeding advice and making plans.
Read and practiseEntitlement and rights
A break, information or a vote: express an entitlement in Spanish and connect it to a noun or action.
Read and practiseWho is to blame?
A delay, a mistake or an accident can raise the question of responsibility; express who is at fault in Spanish.
Read and practiseExpressing an intention to act
A planned visit, a new job or a neighbourhood project can express an intention in Spanish.
Read and practiseHaving difficulty doing something
A noisy room, a long staircase or a sleepless night can make an action difficult to perform.
Read and practiseTaking a step in Spanish
From a movement toward a door to progress in a project, describe literal and figurative steps in Spanish.
Read and practiseWelcoming people in Spanish
A new group or neighbour deserves a warm reception: practise welcoming people to a place or community.
Read and practiseSharing news in Spanish
Good news or bad news: practise telling someone what happened, with care and the right verb.
Read and practiseDarse cuenta de: noticing and realizing in Spanish
Learn the expression darse cuenta de and practise its preterite forms for noticing an error, change or missing document.
Read and practiseGiving a talk in Spanish
A library event or opening session: describe giving a talk to an audience and name its subject.
Read and practiseSetting a date in Spanish
A meeting, wedding or concert needs a date: practise arranging events with natural Spanish combinations.
Read and practiseSetting boundaries in Spanish
Boundaries at work and at home help protect time; practise expressing reasonable limits in Spanish.
Read and practiseMaking excuses in Spanish
An absence or delay can prompt an excuse; practise saying why someone avoids an action in Spanish.
Read and practiseBecoming aware in Spanish
A risk, a right or an impact may become clear over time; practise expressing growing awareness in Spanish.
Read and practiseTaking the floor in Spanish
A meeting or debate gives someone a turn to speak; describe taking the floor and explain what follows.
Read and practiseBreaking a promise
A promise to call or protect someone can be broken: describe a failure to keep your word in Spanish.
Read and practiseSpanish poner expressions: starting, testing and organizing
Learn poner en marcha, poner a prueba and poner en orden in workplace and everyday Spanish examples.
Read and practiseReaching an agreement
A shared garden, a salary or a peace deal: describe how people reach an agreement in Spanish.
Read and practiseReaching a conclusion
After weighing evidence or discussing a question, explain the conclusion you reach in Spanish.
Read and practiseArriving in time
A train, an interview or a concert: describe arrival by the required time in Spanish.
Read and practiseKeeping a promise
A promise to help or return becomes a commitment: describe keeping your word in Spanish.
Read and practiseMeeting a deadline
A delivery, report or repair has a time limit: describe completing it within the deadline in Spanish.
Read and practiseMaking a mistake
An address, calculation or bill can contain a mistake: describe errors and their correction in Spanish.
Read and practiseSolving a problem
A technical fault, a lack of space or a maths task: describe finding a solution in Spanish.
Read and practiseTomar asiento, tomar un descanso and tomar el sol
Learn three useful expressions with tomar for sitting down, taking a break and sunbathing in everyday contexts.
Read and practiseRaising a question for discussion
A meeting, a budget or a debate: bring a question forward for others to consider in Spanish.
Read and practiseCasting doubt on a claim
An official figure or a promise may be uncertain: express doubt about a claim in Spanish.
Read and practiseAccess to resources
From a library to drinking water, express who can reach or use a resource in Spanish.
Read and practiseBeing responsible for something
A museum, a task or a child can be someone’s responsibility: describe who is in charge in Spanish.
Read and practiseKnowing what is happening
A change, a deadline or a result may matter to you: say in Spanish that you are informed about it.
Read and practiseDar miedo, dar vergüenza and dar igual
Me da miedo expresses fear, me da vergüenza embarrassment, and me da igual indifference; use dan with a plural subject.
Read and practiseMeter la pata, tomar el pelo and estar en las nubes
Understand three common informal Spanish idioms about making a mistake, teasing and being distracted.
Read and practiseHacer tiempo, ganar tiempo and perder el tiempo
Distinguish waiting until the right moment, gaining time and wasting time in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseQuedarse sin: running out of something in Spanish
Describe losing access to a supply or running out of something with quedarse sin and a noun.
Read and practisePonerse, estar and perder contacto with someone
Distinguish getting in touch, staying in contact and losing contact in Spanish personal and work situations.
Read and practiseDar una vuelta, dar la vuelta and darse la vuelta
Distinguish going for a short walk, turning an object over and turning oneself around in context.
Read and practiseDrawing conclusions from evidence
A report, interview or single photograph can lead to a conclusion; express how strong the evidence is in Spanish.
Read and practiseMaking the most of a situation
A journey, an opportunity or an experience can bring benefits when you make good use of it.
Read and practiseBringing a project to completion
A difficult project can succeed despite setbacks: describe the effort needed to bring it to completion in Spanish.
Read and practiseCarrying out a plan
A plan, investigation or campaign can be put into action: describe how an undertaking is carried out in Spanish.
Read and practiseCausing a result
A delay, question or agreement can produce a result: describe causes and consequences in Spanish.
Read and practiseTaking something for granted
A plan, a promise or someone’s support may seem certain before it is checked: express that assumption in Spanish.
Read and practiseFinding a solution after searching
A difficult delay or conflict may take several attempts to resolve; describe finding a solution in Spanish.
Read and practiseMaking a fact evident
A survey, a test or a conversation can bring a hidden need or difference into view in Spanish.
Read and practisePutting an idea into practice
A plan, skill or piece of advice becomes useful when someone applies it in a real situation.
Read and practiseWhen rules take effect
A law, agreement or tariff can take effect on a specified date. Describe its entry into force in Spanish.
Read and practiseGrowing in importance
Water conservation, rest and accessibility can become more significant as circumstances change. Express that shift in Spanish.
Read and practiseFacing an unwanted risk
A missed train, a closed museum or lost files are possible unwanted outcomes. Express such risks naturally in Spanish.
Read and practiseEating and drinking in Spanish
Food and liquids call for different verbs: compare eating and drinking in everyday Spanish sentences.
Read and practiseDay and night in Spanish
Sunlight or darkness? Contrast the Spanish words for day and night in simple everyday sentences.
Read and practiseHere and there in Spanish
Near the speaker or farther away? Compare two Spanish place words in clear everyday situations.
Read and practiseToday and tomorrow in Spanish
This day or the next? Distinguish two Spanish time words in plans, schedules and everyday sentences.
Read and practiseBig and small in Spanish
A large box or a small glass? Compare two size adjectives and practise their agreement with nouns.
Read and practiseMuch and little in Spanish
A full jug or a nearly empty one? Express large and small quantities and match the form to the noun.
Read and practisePedir and preguntar: two ways to ask
Distinguish Spanish pedir for requesting something from preguntar for posing a question or asking about something.
Read and practiseSaber and conocer: knowledge and familiarity
Distinguish Spanish saber for knowing a fact or how to do something from conocer for familiarity with people or places.
Read and practiseLlevar and traer: taking and bringing
Distinguish Spanish llevar and traer by the direction of movement relative to the conversational reference point.
Read and practiseIr and venir: direction from the speaker
Choose Spanish ir and venir for movement away from or toward the speaker, using location and perspective as clues.
Read and practiseOír and escuchar: hearing and listening in Spanish
Compare Spanish oír for perceiving sound and escuchar for attentive listening, including overlap in real usage.
Read and practiseAsking and answering in Spanish
A question needs a reply: distinguish the person seeking information from the person giving an answer.
Read and practiseBuying and selling in Spanish
Who pays and who offers the goods? Identify buyer and seller and describe both sides of a transaction.
Read and practiseEntering and leaving places
Inside or outside? Distinguish the Spanish verbs for crossing into a place and moving out of it in everyday situations.
Read and practiseOpening and closing in Spanish
A door or a box can be opened or closed: choose the Spanish verb that matches the action in everyday situations.
Read and practiseMoving up and down in Spanish
From a roof to a basement, choose the Spanish verb that describes upward or downward movement in context.
Read and practiseArrival and departure in Spanish
A train reaches a station or leaves a port: distinguish arrival and departure and their Spanish prepositions.
Read and practiseSleeping and falling asleep in Spanish
A night of sleep and the moment it begins call for different Spanish forms; see how pronouns change with the person.
Read and practiseWaking someone and waking up in Spanish
A noise wakes a child, but a child wakes up: see how Spanish distinguishes the two actions and changes the pronoun.
Read and practiseWashing things and yourself in Spanish
A bicycle needs cleaning and hands need washing: see how Spanish distinguishes washing something from washing yourself.
Read and practisePutting things down and putting clothes on
A book goes on a table and a coat goes on your body: see how Spanish distinguishes placing an object from getting dressed.
Read and practiseSentir and sentirse in Spanish
Compare sentir with a noun and sentirse with an adjective to describe sensations and personal states in Spanish.
Read and practiseWith and without in Spanish
A companion or an absent ingredient? Contrast two Spanish prepositions through everyday situations.
Read and practiseInside and outside in Spanish
A box or the space beyond it? Contrast two expressions that locate things in and outside a place.
Read and practiseAbove and below in Spanish
A lamp over a table or a ball under a chair? Compare two Spanish expressions for vertical position in everyday settings.
Read and practiseNear and far in Spanish
A pharmacy by the square or a village far from the coast? Express distance from a reference point with two Spanish phrases.
Read and practiseWell and good in Spanish
An action done well or a good idea? Distinguish the Spanish adverb from the adjective and make the adjective agree.
Read and practiseBad actions and bad things in Spanish
A bad performance, a bad day or spoiled soup: choose the Spanish form that describes an action or a noun.
Read and practiseKnowing a place and visiting it
A familiar neighborhood and a trip to a museum call for different Spanish verbs: distinguish knowing a place from visiting it.
Read and practiseReturning or giving something back in Spanish
A person comes back home, while a borrowed book goes back to its owner: compare two Spanish verbs for returning.
Read and practiseDejar and salir: leaving things and leaving places
Distinguish Spanish dejar for leaving an object somewhere from salir de for departing from a place, using six contextual examples.
Read and practiseHablar and decir: talking and saying in Spanish
Compare hablar de a topic and hablar con a person with decir something, using six contextual Spanish examples.
Read and practiseDesde and hasta: starting and ending points in Spanish
Distinguish desde for a starting point and hasta for an ending point in time and place, with six examples in context.
Read and practisePorque and por eso: reason and result in Spanish
Distinguish porque introducing a reason from por eso introducing a result, using paired Spanish examples.
Read and practiseHay and está: existence and location in Spanish
Compare hay for introducing the existence of something with está or están for locating an identifiable person or thing.
Read and practiseTodavía no and ya no: not yet and no longer in Spanish
Distinguish Spanish todavía no for something not yet true from ya no for a situation that no longer holds.
Read and practiseAntes de and después de: before and after in Spanish
Distinguish antes de and después de with a noun or infinitive to describe the order of everyday events.
Read and practiseTambién and tampoco: agreeing with positive and negative statements
Use también to add a positive match and tampoco to add a negative match in common Spanish responses.
Read and practiseSaber and poder with an infinitive: skill and possibility
Compare saber plus an infinitive for a learned skill with poder plus an infinitive for a current possibility or permission.
Read and practiseRecordar and acordarse de: remembering something
Compare the constructions recordar algo and acordarse de algo when talking about remembering a fact or thing.
Read and practiseIr and irse: going and leaving in Spanish
Compare ir to a destination with irse when the speaker highlights departure, using the matching personal pronouns.
Read and practiseEmbarazada and avergonzada: a Spanish false friend
Distinguish embarazada, commonly meaning pregnant, from avergonzada, meaning embarrassed or ashamed.
Read and practiseVer and mirar: seeing and looking in Spanish
Compare ver for seeing or perceiving with mirar for directing attention, while recognizing that uses can overlap.
Read and practiseAsistir a and ayudar a: attending and helping in Spanish
Distinguish asistir a una reunión, meaning attend a meeting, from ayudar a una persona, meaning help a person.
Read and practiseTener que and hay que: personal and impersonal obligation
Compare tener que when a person is specified with impersonal hay que when the sentence does not name who must act.
Read and practiseAprender and enseñar: learning and teaching in Spanish
Distinguish aprender for gaining knowledge or a skill from enseñar for helping someone learn it.
Read and practiseA tiempo, en punto and con retraso: talking about timing
Distinguish a tiempo for being on time or in time, en punto for an exact stated hour and con retraso for lateness.
Read and practiseApagar and cerrar: turning off and closing in Spanish
Distinguish apagar for turning off a light or device from cerrar for closing a door, window or program.
Read and practiseDurante and desde hace for duration
Distinguish a duration within an event from a period that began in the past and continues now.
Read and practiseMuy and mucho: intensity and quantity in Spanish
Distinguish muy before common adjectives from mucho after a verb or before a masculine singular noun.
Read and practiseQuedar en and quedarse con
Distinguish agreeing on an action with quedar en from keeping something with quedarse con in Spanish.
Read and practisePrestar and pedir prestado: lend or borrow
Distinguish the lender from the borrower in Spanish with prestar and pedir prestado, including regional variation.
Read and practisePor and para: creator and recipient in Spanish
Distinguish por introducing the creator in a passive sentence from para introducing the intended recipient.
Read and practisePero and sino: contrast and correction in Spanish
Choose pero for a contrast and sino to replace an explicitly rejected idea, including sino que before a conjugated verb.
Read and practiseLlevarse bien and caer bien: getting along and liking someone
Distinguish a good relationship expressed by llevarse bien con from a favorable impression expressed by caer bien a alguien.
Read and practiseWanting things and loving people
A cup of tea or a loved one? See how Spanish expresses desire and affection, and why a person may need a personal preposition.
Read and practiseOpinions and thoughts with pensar
An opinion about a proposal and a thought about a person call for different patterns of the Spanish verb pensar.
Read and practiseDreaming and sounding in Spanish
A dream about a place and the sound of a bell call for different Spanish verbs; see how the tilde and preposition change meaning.
Read and practiseEstar de acuerdo and ponerse de acuerdo: agreeing and reaching agreement
Compare estar de acuerdo for an existing agreement or opinion with ponerse de acuerdo for reaching agreement through discussion.
Read and practiseAgreeing and remembering in Spanish
A group can agree on a plan, while one person remembers a detail: two related Spanish forms express different actions.
Read and practiseFinding things and running into people
A lost key or a chance meeting? Distinguish finding an object from unexpectedly meeting someone in Spanish.
Read and practiseCarrying objects and wearing clothes
A box in your hands or a jacket on your body? Compare taking an object with wearing a garment in Spanish.
Read and practiseArranging to meet and staying somewhere
A meeting in the square or an evening at home? Compare arranging a meeting with staying in a place in Spanish.
Read and practiseTrying an action and stating a subject
An attempt to open a window or a film about a family? Compare trying to act with identifying the subject of a work.
Read and practiseSuiting someone and feeling well
A jacket may suit you, while a good night’s rest may help you feel well: distinguish these two Spanish constructions.
Read and practisePrice and spending in Spanish
A ticket has a price, while a traveller spends money: learn how Spanish expresses these two sides of a purchase.
Read and practiseQuedar and faltar: what remains and what is missing
Compare quedar for something that remains available and faltar for something absent or still needed, including overlap with time remaining.
Read and practiseSaving money and keeping objects
Money can be set aside for a goal, while keys can be stored in a drawer: distinguish these Spanish verbs in context.
Read and practiseTasting a sample and attempting an action
A spoonful can be tasted, while opening a window can be attempted: distinguish these uses of two Spanish verbs.
Read and practiseGetting and achieving in Spanish
A ticket, a permit or a difficult goal: compare two Spanish verbs for obtaining things and achieving results.
Read and practiseOcurrir and suceder: events and other meanings
An event can happen, an idea can come to mind, or one person can take over a role: compare these Spanish verbs.
Read and practiseChoosing and electing in Spanish
A table, a song or a representative can be chosen: compare two Spanish verbs and their overlapping uses.
Read and practiseObtaining or finding in Spanish
Tickets may be obtained after an effort, while lost keys can be found: distinguish the result from the discovery.
Read and practiseExplaining ideas and telling stories
A rule can be made clear and an event narrated: distinguish two Spanish verbs through examples and practice.
Read and practisePassive se and impersonal se: choosing singular or plural verbs
Compare passive se with an agreeing thing as subject and impersonal se with a singular verb in common public notices.
Read and practiseHearing about and talking about
A museum mentioned on the radio is something you hear about; a budget discussed at a meeting is something you talk about.
Read and practiseAt last and at the end
A delayed bus brings relief, while the end of a film marks a position: compare two Spanish expressions of eventuality.
Read and practiseEven and inclusive in Spanish
A surprising participant or an included final date: compare two Spanish adverbs and the separate adjective for inclusion.
Read and practiseContrasting alternatives and concessions
Two preferences may differ, while an unexpected outcome can defy the first statement; choose the right Spanish connector.
Read and practiseSpanish concessions: clauses and phrases
Rain or a busy schedule need not stop an action: compare Spanish ways to express a contrast with a clause, noun or infinitive.
Read and practiseCauses and positive outcomes in Spanish
A delay or a welcome discovery can both have a cause; the expression chosen shows how the speaker views it.
Read and practiseAccording to or depending on in Spanish
A report provides a source, while a budget can determine an outcome: compare two ways to introduce information and conditions.
Read and practiseHacer falta and necesitar: two ways to express need
Compare necesitar with a person as subject and hacer falta with the needed thing as subject, including singular and plural agreement.
Read and practiseConocer and reconocer: being familiar with and recognizing
Distinguish conocer for familiarity with a person or place from reconocer for identifying someone or something you have encountered before.
Read and practiseDeberías and tienes que: advice and necessity
Compare deberías for a recommendation with tienes que for a stated necessity in everyday Spanish.
Read and practisePronto and de pronto: soon, suddenly and perhaps
Distinguish pronto for a short time ahead from de pronto for an unexpected event, with a Colombian variant.
Read and practiseQué and cuál in Spanish questions
Compare qué in a request for a definition with cuál or cuáles when identifying one or more choices.
Read and practiseMás de and más que: numerical limits and comparisons
Distinguish más de before an exceeded numerical limit from más que when comparing people or actions.
Read and practiseTener razón and dar la razón: being right and agreeing
Distinguish having a correct point from acknowledging that someone else is right in Spanish.
Read and practiseActualmente and en realidad: currently and actually
Distinguish actualmente for the present time from en realidad for what is actually the case.
Read and practiseConclusion and contrast in Spanish
A conclusion follows from a premise, while a contrast presents an unexpected difference between statements.
Read and practiseFormal and conversational reformulation
Two Spanish reformulators clarify a statement, with different typical registers in formal writing and conversation.
Read and practiseConfirmation and illustrative facts
A confirmation supports an earlier statement; an illustrative fact adds concrete evidence to what has been said.
Read and practisePersistence and decisions regardless
An obstacle need not stop an action, and a decision can stand regardless of an uncertain circumstance.
Read and practiseConditions and repeated occasions
A helmet can be a condition for borrowing a bicycle; repeated bell rings describe occasions. Compare the two Spanish constructions.
Read and practiseTime and contrast with while
Two actions can happen together; two facts can also be contrasted. See how Spanish connects each pair.
Read and practisePrecautions and conditional clauses
A spare key or a possible storm calls for a precaution. Compare two Spanish clauses and the moods they require.
Read and practisePurpose clauses and changing subjects
An early departure avoids traffic; a slow explanation helps everyone understand. Compare two formal ways to express purpose.
Read and practiseConcession with pese a and a pesar de que
Rain or a whole clause can introduce an obstacle: choose the Spanish construction that matches what follows.
Read and practiseTopics and immediate timing in Spanish
A price can introduce a topic, while a train arriving can set the moment for a call; distinguish these two expressions.
Read and practiseSpanish starting thresholds and origins
A new schedule, a quantity limit or a view from a window: choose the Spanish expression that highlights the intended starting point.
Read and practiseConjecture and obligation in Spanish
A light is on or a rule requires a helmet: distinguish a reasoned guess from an obligation in Spanish.
Read and practise
Spanish greetings and introductions
Greet someone in Spanish, introduce yourself and say goodbye with practical phrases and exercises.
Read and practiseAsking for clarification in Spanish
Say you do not understand, ask someone to repeat or slow down, and ask what a Spanish word means.
Read and practiseOrdering at a café in Spanish
Order a drink, ask about ingredients or the price, and request the bill in Spanish with useful café phrases.
Read and practiseAsking for directions in Spanish
Ask where a place is and understand simple directions in Spanish, including straight ahead, left and right.
Read and practiseShopping for clothes in Spanish
Ask a price, request another size and try on clothes in Spanish with practical examples and exercises.
Read and practiseTalking about family in Spanish
Introduce family members and ask their names with useful Spanish vocabulary and examples.
Read and practiseTelling the time in Spanish
Ask and tell the time in Spanish, including one o’clock, half past, quarter past and quarter to.
Read and practiseTalking about the weather in Spanish
Ask about the weather and describe sun, cold, rain, snow and clouds with practical Spanish examples.
Read and practiseOrdering a meal in Spanish
Order a meal in Spanish: request a table and menu, ask about ingredients and check whether you can pay by card.
Read and practiseBuying fruit and vegetables in Spanish
Ask for produce by weight, check the price and finish a market purchase with practical Spanish phrases.
Read and practiseDescribe a daily routine in Spanish
Talk about waking up, meals, work and evening activities in order with practical Spanish examples.
Read and practiseDescribing a home in Spanish
Name rooms, say what a home contains and describe where things are with practical Spanish phrases.
Read and practiseSaying goodbye in Spanish
Farewells for friends and polite encounters help you close a conversation and respond naturally when someone leaves.
Read and practiseSaying thank you in Spanish
A cup of coffee, a kind gesture or some help: find the words to thank someone and reply politely.
Read and practiseApologizing for a small mistake in Spanish
A late arrival, a forgotten item or a small mix-up can call for an apology and a reassuring response.
Read and practiseAsking someone’s age in Spanish
A question about age opens a simple exchange; answer with a number and the right form of the Spanish verb for having.
Read and practiseTalking about nationality in Spanish
Where are you from? Ask about origin and describe nationality with simple Spanish questions and answers.
Read and practiseSpell your name in Spanish
At a reception desk or in a conversation, spell a name aloud and check a letter you did not catch.
Read and practiseTalking about languages you speak in Spanish
A conversation about the languages you speak starts with a simple question and a few useful forms of hablar.
Read and practiseAsking for the bathroom in Spanish
Find a bathroom politely and understand simple directions to the right, left or end of a corridor.
Read and practiseAsking for tap water in Spanish
A glass or a jug? Ask for tap water politely and check whether it is safe to drink at a restaurant.
Read and practiseTalking about hobbies in Spanish
Free time brings opportunities to ask about hobbies and say which activities you enjoy in Spanish.
Read and practiseInviting someone and replying in Spanish
Make a casual invitation, accept or decline, and suggest another time with practical Spanish phrases.
Read and practiseMaking an appointment in Spanish
Request an appointment, agree on a day and time, and ask to change or confirm it in Spanish.
Read and practiseChecking into a hotel in Spanish
Identify a reservation, ask about a room and breakfast, and request an extra towel in Spanish.
Read and practiseTaking a bus in Spanish
Ask where to find a bus, check its destination and find out when and where to get off.
Read and practiseBuying a train ticket in Spanish
Ask for a train ticket, choose one-way or return and ask about departure time and platform in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking for health help in Spanish
Practise asking for help and describing a symptom or allergy in Spanish with clear, practical phrases.
Read and practiseDescribing your job in Spanish
A workplace conversation can begin with your occupation and continue with a task you regularly do.
Read and practiseLeaving a phone message in Spanish
Learn how to identify yourself, explain your call and request a callback in a clear Spanish phone message.
Read and practiseWriting an appointment message in Spanish
Write a polite Spanish message to request a different appointment time and ask the recipient to confirm it.
Read and practiseAsking for a step-free route in Spanish
Specific questions help you find a route that fits your access needs. Ask about a step-free entrance, a lift and an accessible toilet, and confirm the route in Spanish.
Read and practiseDiscussing weekend plans in Spanish
Weekend plans give you a reason to ask what someone intends to do and describe an activity you have planned.
Read and practiseGetting a library card in Spanish
Ask how to obtain a library card, borrow books, renew a loan and return items in Spanish.
Read and practiseCongratulating someone in Spanish
Good news deserves a warm response: congratulate someone on an achievement and answer a kind message.
Read and practiseChecking and topping up a transit card in Spanish
Ask about a transit card balance, request a top-up and check whether it covers a journey using Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking someone for a favor in Spanish
A small request and a considerate reply: ask someone for a favor, thank them or accept a refusal politely.
Read and practiseAsking about vegetarian options in Spanish
Explain a vegetarian preference in Spanish and ask about meat broth, ham and available alternatives before ordering.
Read and practiseOffering help in Spanish
Offer a hand with everyday tasks, and respond politely when someone offers to help you.
Read and practiseBorrowing something in Spanish
Ask someone to lend you an item, agree on a return time and respond politely in everyday Spanish.
Read and practiseReporting a lost item on a bus in Spanish
Describe a lost backpack in Spanish, give the route and departure time, and ask where to report lost property.
Read and practiseA recent trip in Spanish
A journey can be retold with a destination, a way of travelling and a few memorable activities from the past.
Read and practiseAsking questions at a laundromat in Spanish
At a laundromat, clear questions help you understand how the machines and payment work. Ask whether a machine is free, what a wash costs, how to pay and where to dry your clothes.
Read and practiseDescribing someone’s appearance in Spanish
Identify someone by describing their height, hair, eyes and accessories in a clear, practical exchange.
Read and practiseAsking about volunteering in Spanish
Say you want to volunteer, ask about tasks and hours, explain your availability and ask how to register.
Read and practiseTalking about birthdays in Spanish
Ask about a birthday, give a date and describe a simple celebration with cake and presents.
Read and practiseAsking about an overdue library book in Spanish
Explain in Spanish that a library loan is overdue and ask about returning, renewing and any possible charge.
Read and practiseAsking about recycling rules in Spanish
Find out where household waste belongs, whether materials need separating and what to do before recycling.
Read and practiseAsking about a cash machine in Spanish
Ask where the machine is, whether it accepts your card, whether you can choose a language and where to request a receipt.
Read and practiseAsking for a spare key in Spanish
Ask a host for an extra key, explain who needs it and agree when and where to return it.
Read and practiseAsking to pay separately at a restaurant in Spanish
Ask in Spanish whether a group can pay separately, identify your items and request the amount and a receipt.
Read and practiseAsking how to use an appliance in Spanish
A host explains the controls on a washing machine or oven, from pressing a button to choosing a setting.
Read and practiseAsking about an accessible restroom in Spanish
Ask for the accessible restroom, check the floor and opening status, and ask whether you need to request a key.
Read and practiseAsking for gift wrapping in Spanish
At a shop you can ask about wrapping and the receipt before paying for a present. Ask whether a purchase can be gift-wrapped, discuss the cost, and request a receipt without a price.
Read and practiseReporting a lost house key in Spanish
A lost house key can leave you outside; explain what happened, ask your host for help and arrange a way inside.
Read and practiseAsking about drinking water and bottle refills in Spanish
Ask whether tap water is drinkable, where to find a drinking-water fountain and whether you can refill a bottle.
Read and practiseTaking a taxi in Spanish
A taxi ride starts with a destination and an estimate: ask the fare, give an address and say where to stop.
Read and practiseAsking about bicycle parking in Spanish
These questions help you understand the parking arrangements at a particular place. Ask where to park a bicycle, whether a location permits it and whether there is a fee or closing time.
Read and practiseAsking where to charge a phone in Spanish
Ask whether you can charge a phone, locate an outlet and find out whether there is a fee or an adapter available.
Read and practiseAsking about a ferry crossing in Spanish
At the ferry terminal, ask when the boat leaves, where it goes and how to buy passenger tickets.
Read and practiseAsking about contactless and card payment in Spanish
Ask whether contactless payment, cards or cash are accepted and whether there is a minimum amount.
Read and practiseAsking about a train seat in Spanish
On a train, ask if a seat is free, respond politely and understand when a place is reserved.
Read and practiseAsking about visitor Wi-Fi in Spanish
Ask whether visitor Wi-Fi is available, identify the network and find out whether a password or time limit applies.
Read and practiseCollecting a pre-booked train ticket in Spanish
You have booked a ticket and want to understand how to obtain it at the station. Ask how to collect a train ticket already booked online and clarify the reference or machine needed.
Read and practiseAsking about luggage storage in Spanish
At a station or hotel, ask where to leave your bags, how much storage costs and when you can collect them.
Read and practiseAsking to exchange a clothing size in Spanish
You already bought a garment and want to ask about exchanging its size. Explain that an item is too small and ask whether it can be exchanged for a larger size.
Read and practiseAsking about hotel breakfast in Spanish
At a hotel, find out where and when breakfast is served and whether its price is included in your stay.
Read and practiseExtra towels at a Spanish hotel
Two more towels for room 112: practise a polite request at reception and say where the towels should be delivered.
Read and practiseAsking about shop opening hours
Monday morning or Sunday afternoon? Ask when a shop opens and closes on a particular day.
Read and practiseOrdering bread at a bakery
Two wholemeal loaves or three rolls? Specify the bread and quantity, then confirm the total price in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking for takeaway food
Soup to go or a sandwich to eat here? Explain your choice and ask for a container, lid or bag in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking whether food is spicy
Is the sauce hot? Ask about heat and request a milder dish, no chilli or sauce on the side.
Read and practisePosting a letter in Spanish
A letter bound for another country needs postage. Ask about a stamp, the address and registered mail at the post office.
Read and practiseBuying a pharmacy product
Dry skin or another minor need? Describe it at the pharmacy and ask about a suitable product, its use and a prescription.
Read and practiseAsking about swimming pool facilities
Public swimming times, admission and changing rooms: ask the pool staff what you need to know before your visit.
Read and practiseSetting boundaries with a friend in Spanish
Explain a personal limit to a friend and suggest a respectful alternative while keeping the conversation open.
Read and practiseReturning a faulty purchase in Spanish
Explain that an item is faulty, show a receipt and ask about an exchange or refund in a Spanish shop.
Read and practiseResponding to unwanted advice in Spanish
A suggestion you did not ask for can be acknowledged politely while you explain the approach you prefer.
Read and practiseExpressing disappointment politely in Spanish
When a plan falls through or an outcome falls short, express disappointment and ask about alternatives without blaming anyone.
Read and practiseRescheduling a delivery in Spanish
Explain that you will be unavailable, propose another delivery time and ask for confirmation in Spanish.
Read and practiseGiving and receiving a compliment
A thoughtful compliment can name a specific effort or result, and a warm response can acknowledge the kindness.
Read and practiseClarifying a misunderstanding in Spanish
A mistaken interpretation can be repaired by restating your meaning and checking what the other person understood.
Read and practiseAsking for help accessing an account in Spanish
Explain an account access problem, ask about resetting a password and clarify a missing or time-limited link in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking for a quieter voice in Spanish
A loud conversation can be addressed politely by explaining its effect and requesting a lower speaking volume.
Read and practiseDiscussing shared expenses in Spanish
A shared bill calls for a clear explanation, a fair division and an agreement about when each person will pay.
Read and practiseAsking to correct a restaurant bill in Spanish
Point out a duplicate item on a restaurant bill, request a check and confirm the corrected amount in Spanish.
Read and practiseCatching up with an old friend in Spanish
A chance meeting becomes a conversation about changes, recent news and plans to see each other again.
Read and practiseAsking for privacy in Spanish
A private call or sensitive conversation can begin with a polite request for space, a quieter place or another time.
Read and practiseReporting a missing delivery in Spanish
Explain that a parcel is marked delivered but has not arrived, and ask the delivery service to check its details.
Read and practiseAgreeing on household chores in Spanish
Discuss who handles each household task, suggest a fair rotation and settle on a time that works for everyone.
Read and practiseAsking about a food allergy in Spanish
Communicate a food allergy in Spanish, ask about ingredients and shared preparation surfaces, and request confirmation.
Read and practiseAsking about a rental deposit in Spanish
Before signing a lease, ask how much the deposit is, when it will be returned and which costs may be deducted.
Read and practiseReporting a heating problem in Spanish
When the heating fails, describe the symptoms and timing, then arrange a convenient visit to inspect the problem.
Read and practiseRequesting a repair estimate in Spanish
Explain a device problem, request a repair estimate and clarify approval before work begins.
Read and practiseDiscussing a rent increase in Spanish
A proposed rent increase raises questions about its reason, monthly amount and start date; practise asking for details in Spanish.
Read and practiseNotice before a landlord visits
A landlord’s visit needs advance notice and a convenient time; practise arranging and confirming entry in Spanish.
Read and practiseReporting an incorrect meter reading in Spanish
Explain a mismatch between a utility meter and a bill, offer a photo and request a correction in Spanish.
Read and practisePet conditions in a rental
A cat or dog may be welcome under specific conditions; ask about limits, extra deposits and written rental terms in Spanish.
Read and practiseReporting a hotel room fault
Cold water in the shower needs attention: describe the room fault to reception and ask for a repair or another room in Spanish.
Read and practiseTalking to neighbors about noise in Spanish
Describe nighttime noise to neighbors in Spanish and make a polite, specific request to lower the volume.
Read and practiseTravel insurance coverage questions
A mountain hike or bicycle ride can have different insurance terms; ask about coverage, exclusions and medical limits in Spanish.
Read and practiseReporting a water leak in Spanish
Learn to report water under the kitchen sink, say when the leak began, and arrange a visit in Spanish.
Read and practiseExplaining a missed flight
A late train can make you miss a flight; explain what happened and ask the airline about seats, ticket changes and costs.
Read and practiseAsking about local driving rules
Speed limits, parking restrictions and documents can vary by location; ask clear questions in Spanish before driving.
Read and practiseAsking about alternatives after a cancelled train in Spanish
State that the train was cancelled and ask about another connection, its departure and any platform or ticket change.
Read and practiseRequesting mobility assistance at an airport
A long airport journey may require mobility assistance; describe your needs and arrange help to the boarding gate in Spanish.
Read and practiseQuestioning a supermarket price in Spanish
A shelf label and the checkout total disagree: explain the difference, ask for a check and discuss the advertised discount.
Read and practiseAsking about mail forwarding in Spanish
After a move, questions about forwarding help clarify what a postal service offers. Ask in Spanish whether mail forwarding is offered after a move, how long it lasts and how to apply.
Read and practiseAsking how to store food in Spanish
Ask where to keep food, whether it needs refrigeration and how long it will stay good after opening.
Read and practiseAsking for a quieter table in Spanish
Request a quieter restaurant table, explain the difficulty with noise and ask about waiting for another seat.
Read and practiseCorrecting a food order in Spanish
A restaurant brings the wrong dish or misses a request: explain the difference and ask politely for a correction.
Read and practiseReporting a missing bank card in Spanish
A missing bank card calls for a clear report: say when you last had it and ask the bank how to block it.
Read and practiseAsking about returning bottle deposits in Spanish
Ask where containers are returned, whether a deposit applies, whether a receipt is needed and how a refund is provided.
Read and practiseAsking about a bank transfer in Spanish
Ask a bank about transfer details, possible fees and when money is expected to reach an account.
Read and practiseRequesting an interpreter for an appointment in Spanish
Ask whether an interpreter is available, explain the language needed, and confirm the arrangements for an appointment.
Read and practiseAsking about prescription refills in Spanish
At the pharmacy or health centre, ask whether a prescription is valid and how to get another supply of medication.
Read and practiseTalking about medication side effects in Spanish
A new symptom after taking medicine can be described to a clinician, along with when it began and a question about what to do.
Read and practiseAsking to change the date of a ticket in Spanish
Ask whether a ticket date can be changed, check the requested date, any charge and the confirmation deadline.
Read and practiseAsking about a medical test in Spanish
A medical test can raise questions about preparation, permitted drinks and when results will be available.
Read and practiseAsking how to pronounce someone’s name in Spanish
A short respectful question lets someone tell you how they say their own name. Ask how to pronounce a name, request a repetition and check your pronunciation politely in Spanish.
Read and practiseReporting a power outage in Spanish
A dark building or street needs a clear report: describe where power is missing, when it stopped and how to notify the provider.
Read and practiseChildcare enrollment questions in Spanish
Available places, documents and application steps: ask a childcare centre what your family needs to know before enrolling.
Read and practiseAsking where to drop off used batteries in Spanish
Find out where to drop off used batteries, which types are accepted and when the collection point is open.
Read and practiseComparing mobile phone plans in Spanish
Data allowances, contract length and cancellation fees: ask the provider for the terms before choosing a mobile plan.
Read and practiseAsking whether someone else can collect a parcel in Spanish
Ask whether another person can collect your parcel, what authorization or identification is needed and the collection deadline.
Read and practiseReporting parcel damage in Spanish
A torn box or wet packaging: describe visible damage and ask the carrier how to submit a report and what evidence is needed.
Read and practiseAsking about taking a bicycle on a train in Spanish
You want to travel with a bicycle and need to check the operator's conditions. Ask whether a bicycle is allowed on a train and clarify reservations, fees and the bicycle area.
Read and practiseAsking how to pay for parking in Spanish
You have parked and want to understand the local payment procedure. Ask where to pay for parking, whether a card is accepted and how to extend the time.
Read and practiseReporting missing baggage at an airport in Spanish
You are at baggage collection and cannot find your suitcase after the flight. Explain that a suitcase did not arrive on the belt and ask how to report and track it.
Read and practiseAsking about a train connection in Spanish
You are planning a journey that may require changing trains. Ask whether a train change is needed and clarify the station, transfer time and next platform.
Read and practiseAsking about museum ticket re-entry in Spanish
Ask whether a museum ticket permits leaving and returning, and check validity and any re-entry procedure.
Read and practiseDisagreeing while finding common ground
A different view need not end a conversation: acknowledge the other person, explain your concern and look for shared ground.
Read and practiseOpening a sensitive conversation
A difficult subject deserves a careful opening: ask whether the moment is right, describe your concern and invite another perspective.
Read and practiseResponding constructively to criticism
A concrete example can turn criticism into useful feedback. Practise asking for detail and choosing a thoughtful response in Spanish.
Read and practiseNegotiating a workable compromise
Different priorities can lead to a shared plan: explain your needs, exchange concessions and agree when to reassess the arrangement.
Read and practiseCorrecting a mistaken assumption tactfully
A mistaken belief need not end in an argument: identify the misunderstanding, give a respectful correction and check the facts together.
Read and practiseDeclining an unreasonable request
A request can exceed your limits: refuse clearly, give a brief reason and offer only an alternative you can actually manage.
Read and practiseMediating between friends
Two friends can have different concerns: summarize each view fairly and suggest a next step both can consider.
Read and practiseAddressing a broken promise
An unkept commitment can affect your plans: describe its impact, ask what happened and agree on a realistic next step.
Read and practiseArranging access for repairs
A repair visit needs a workable time and advance notice: explain your constraints, propose a slot and confirm who will enter.
Read and practiseDisputing a rental deposit deduction in Spanish
Challenge a charge against your rental deposit, ask for an itemized invoice and explain the evidence behind your request.
Read and practiseSetting boundaries with housemates
Guests, shared rooms and advance notice can become easier to discuss when everyone states their needs and agrees on a workable arrangement.
Read and practiseQuestioning an unexpected utility charge
An unfamiliar charge on a utility bill calls for a clear explanation, an itemized breakdown and, if needed, a correction.
Read and practiseChallenging an airline refund decision in Spanish
An airline response overlooks your refund request: explain the gap, cite the facts and ask for the decision to be reconsidered.
Read and practiseNegotiating alternative accommodation in Spanish
Explain an unsuitable room, propose a workable alternative and agree on conditions before changing accommodation.
Read and practiseReporting an accessibility barrier in Spanish
Explain how a barrier affects access, request a practical accommodation and ask when an alternative will be available.
Read and practiseDisputing a subscription renewal in Spanish
Question an unexpected renewal charge, request a refund and seek written confirmation of cancellation in Spanish.
Read and practiseNegotiating service contract terms
A monthly fee, cancellation notice and price changes: practise clarifying and proposing terms before signing a service contract.
Read and practiseAsking about an application appeal
A refused application raises questions about reasons, deadlines and evidence; practise asking how to challenge the decision in Spanish.
Read and practiseRequesting correction of personal information
An incorrect address or misspelled surname can be identified and corrected: practise requesting a records update in Spanish.
Read and practiseRequesting another medical opinion
A second assessment may need a referral and records: ask a clinician how to arrange it and obtain the relevant documents.
Read and practiseDiscussing medical treatment choices
Benefits, risks and alternatives: ask a clinician to compare treatment choices before making a decision.
Read and practiseMaking a formal complaint about a service
An unresolved service failure deserves a clear account of its impact and the remedy you are requesting in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking about work hours in Spanish
When does the workday start or end? Ask about a shift and understand a simple time range in Spanish.
Read and practiseRequesting a short break at work in Spanish
A short pause during work starts with a polite question. Practise asking for a few minutes and saying when you return.
Read and practiseFinding a workstation in Spanish
On your first day, ask where you can work, check whether a chair is free and understand simple directions to your place.
Read and practiseAsking for work supplies in Spanish
At work, ask for paper, a pen or other supplies and explain what you need them for in simple Spanish.
Read and practiseDescribing your duties at work in Spanish
Calls, orders and customers: describe a few everyday tasks you do at work with simple present-tense verbs.
Read and practiseAsking about a work schedule in Spanish
Which days and shifts are on your schedule? Ask about the coming week and where to find the roster.
Read and practiseReporting lateness to work in Spanish
Running late for work? Tell a colleague and give an estimated arrival time, then update them if it changes.
Read and practiseAsking for time off work in Spanish
Need particular days off? Request the dates politely and ask how and to whom to submit your leave request.
Read and practiseCalling in sick to work in Spanish
Tell your workplace that you are ill, mention an appointment and say when you will give an update.
Read and practiseAsking about a payslip in Spanish
Find your monthly payslip, ask about an unfamiliar entry and request a clear explanation from a colleague.
Read and practiseAsking about job vacancies in Spanish
Find out whether a job is open, ask how to apply and understand a reply about sending your CV by email.
Read and practiseDescribing work experience in Spanish
Talk about previous jobs, the time spent in a role and the responsibilities that were part of your routine.
Read and practiseAsking about job requirements in Spanish
What does a position require? Ask about experience, skills, language ability and qualifications before applying.
Read and practiseAsking for work instructions in Spanish
A new task can have several steps: ask how to begin, request a demonstration and check what comes next.
Read and practiseReporting a broken printer in Spanish
A printer stops working at the office: describe the fault, mention a paper jam and ask whom to notify.
Read and practiseAsking about work uniforms in Spanish
Does the job require a uniform? Ask about work clothes, required shoes, sizes and where to obtain them.
Read and practiseBooking a meeting room in Spanish
Is the meeting room free tomorrow? Ask about availability and reserve a space for a specific period.
Read and practiseAsking about lunch breaks in Spanish
When and where can staff eat lunch? Ask about the break time, its length and places to eat.
Read and practiseIntroducing a new colleague in Spanish
A new person joins the team: introduce your colleague and explain their role and department in Spanish.
Read and practiseAsking about workplace training in Spanish
When is the next training session? Ask about its schedule and what materials to bring along.
Read and practiseDiscussing salary expectations in Spanish
What salary range suits the role? Discuss annual pay, gross and net figures, and benefits before making a decision.
Read and practiseExplaining a career gap in Spanish
A period away from work can be explained briefly: describe what you did, what you learned and how it relates to the position.
Read and practiseClarifying a meeting agenda in Spanish
Ask about a meeting’s purpose, decisions, responsibilities and deadlines using clear Spanish workplace phrases.
Read and practiseAsking about contract terms in Spanish
Before signing, clarify the length of an employment contract and the notice required from each party.
Read and practiseRequesting a job reference in Spanish
A former colleague can provide a reference: ask politely, explain the role and request permission before sharing contact details.
Read and practisePresenting strengths in a Spanish interview
A useful interview answer names a workplace strength, supports it with a concrete example and connects it to the role.
Read and practiseGiving a project update in Spanish
Report completed work, explain a dependency and discuss its effect on the next project stage in Spanish.
Read and practiseExplaining a workplace mistake in Spanish
A wrong file or date needs a clear response: acknowledge the error, explain the correction and say how you will prevent a repeat.
Read and practiseReporting a safety hazard in Spanish
A wet floor or blocked exit calls for a clear warning: identify the location and ask for immediate action in Spanish.
Read and practiseClarifying task priorities in Spanish
Ask which task comes first, clarify deadlines and confirm your next action in a Spanish workplace conversation.
Read and practiseArranging equipment repairs in Spanish
A scanner that will not start needs a useful repair request: describe the fault and location, then arrange a technician’s visit.
Read and practiseRequesting remote work in Spanish
Could a day at home work for your team? Propose remote work, explain availability and agree on practical arrangements.
Read and practiseRequesting a change to working hours in Spanish
Discuss a regular change to your working hours, explain its effect on the team and suggest a trial period.
Read and practiseHanding over unfinished work in Spanish
Explain what is finished, what remains pending and who will take the next step in a Spanish work handover.
Read and practiseDiscussing overtime at work in Spanish
Ask whether extra hours are needed, how they are paid and whether time off can compensate for them.
Read and practiseWelcoming a client at work in Spanish
A client arrives at the office: greet them politely, introduce their contact and explain where the meeting will take place.
Read and practiseRequesting a deadline extension in Spanish
Explain a delay, propose a new delivery date and ask for a deadline extension in Spanish at work.
Read and practiseTransferring a client call in Spanish
A caller needs the right person: confirm their destination, explain a transfer and offer a message if nobody is available.
Read and practiseAsking a customer for order details in Spanish
A customer order needs a number, the right items and clear quantities; polite questions help confirm each detail.
Read and practiseGiving specific feedback at work in Spanish
Give constructive feedback in Spanish by naming a strength, identifying a specific issue and proposing a revision.
Read and practiseExplaining a product shortage in Spanish
Tell a customer that an item is unavailable, explain a delivery delay and offer a useful alternative or a later update.
Read and practiseAsking for feedback on your work in Spanish
After finishing a task, ask for a specific opinion, request an example and confirm what to improve next time.
Read and practiseSuggesting a workplace process improvement
A shared list can save time: propose a workplace change, explain its benefit and suggest a trial.
Read and practiseTaking turns in a meeting in Spanish
Ask to contribute, apologize for interrupting and give someone space to finish during a Spanish-speaking meeting.
Read and practisePlanning a meeting agenda in Spanish
Ask to include a topic, clarify time for each item and identify a presenter in a Spanish workplace meeting.
Read and practiseExplaining a blocked task at work in Spanish
Explain a work task blocked by missing file access, ask a colleague to check permission and state what you can do meanwhile.
Read and practiseHandling audio trouble in a Spanish video meeting
Describe a video-call audio problem in Spanish, ask about the microphone and suggest another way to continue.
Read and practiseClarifying which file version to use in Spanish
Explain in Spanish that you received two file versions, cite their dates and ask which one to edit.
Read and practiseRequesting a text version of a file in Spanish
Explain what prevents you from using the file, ask for a text version and, if possible, request preserved headings.
Read and practiseAsking before photographing a whiteboard in Spanish
Ask permission in Spanish to photograph a whiteboard, discuss what to erase and clarify whether sharing with a team is acceptable.
Read and practiseRequesting captions during a meeting in Spanish
Ask in Spanish for meeting captions, one speaker at a time and spoken summaries of shared-screen points.
Read and practiseClarifying who will do each task in Spanish
Use Spanish to discuss who will review data and formatting, send a final version and confirm a proposed deadline.
Read and practiseAsking a colleague to cover a shift in Spanish
Ask a colleague in Spanish to cover a shift, give the hours, offer an exchange and discuss confirming the change.
Read and practiseAsking for approval before sharing a work document in Spanish
A short workplace conversation can make the intended audience and document version clear before sharing. Name the document, ask who may receive it and confirm which version is ready to send.
Read and practiseAsking about recording a meeting in Spanish
Ask for permission to record a meeting, check whether participants agree and ask where the file will be stored.
Read and practiseAsking about double-sided printing in Spanish
Ask whether a printer can print on both sides, where to find the setting and what access or fees apply.
Read and practiseRescheduling a job interview in Spanish
Ask to change the time of a job interview and confirm an alternative without assuming it is accepted.
Read and practiseRequesting access to a shared folder in Spanish
Explain that a shared folder does not open and ask the responsible person for the access you need.
Read and practiseClarifying a meeting time zone in Spanish
Ask which time zone applies to a meeting and check whether the stated time is local or UTC.
Read and practiseExplaining a delayed order to a customer in Spanish
Explain a transport delay, distinguish an estimated date from a confirmed date and offer a choice.
Read and practiseNegotiating a job offer in Spanish
A salary proposal can open a conversation: discuss an offer, request a change and give a clear reason.
Read and practiseDiscussing promotion opportunities in Spanish
Promotion criteria and concrete results help frame a conversation about advancement and the next steps.
Read and practiseNegotiating project scope in Spanish
A limited budget calls for choices: discuss deliverables, priorities and resources before agreeing on scope.
Read and practiseDisclosing a conflict of interest in Spanish
A potential personal or financial connection can affect a workplace decision; explain it and discuss a way to manage it.
Read and practiseAn uneven workload at work
An imbalance in urgent tasks can strain a team: describe its effects and suggest a fairer allocation in Spanish.
Read and practiseMediating a team disagreement in Spanish
A team disagrees about priorities or schedules: summarize each position, find a shared goal and propose a limited trial.
Read and practiseDeclining an unrealistic work request in Spanish
A tight deadline or full workload calls for a clear limit and a practical alternative that colleagues can discuss.
Read and practiseConfidential information at work
A sensitive report calls for clear boundaries: ask who may access it, seek permission and establish what can be disclosed.
Read and practiseNegotiating an invoice payment schedule
An invoice due date can be renegotiated: propose instalments, discuss the timing and confirm any agreement in writing.
Read and practiseHandling a customer complaint
An incomplete order needs a careful response: acknowledge the problem, investigate and offer a possible remedy without guarantees.
Read and practisePresenting a business recommendation
A pilot project can make a proposal concrete: state your recommendation, explain the reason and describe expected benefits.
Read and practiseExplaining a budget variance in Spanish
Actual spending can differ from a plan: explain the size and cause of a variance and its consequences for future funds.
Read and practiseDiscussing a project risk in Spanish
A supplier might fail: describe a project risk, estimate its likelihood and propose a measure to reduce its impact.
Read and practise
Introducing yourself in a Spanish message
A name, a place of origin and an occupation make a useful first message in Spanish.
Read and practiseAddressing an envelope in Spanish
A recipient, street and postal code form a clear address for a letter sent within Spain.
Read and practiseA Spanish grocery list
Quantities and groceries go together in a simple Spanish shopping list that is easy to take to the store.
Read and practiseWriting a birthday card in Spanish
A warm wish and a personal signature turn a few Spanish words into a friendly birthday card.
Read and practiseSpanish days and months: capital letters
Monday and January look different in Spanish dates: see when days and months begin with a lowercase letter.
Read and practiseA postcard from a Spanish trip
A short postcard can greet a friend, describe a place and share something you did before signing off warmly.
Read and practiseInviting a friend by message in Spanish
A friendly Spanish message can invite someone to an activity and make the meeting place and time clear.
Read and practiseA Spanish thank-you note for a gift
A personal note can thank someone for a gift, name it and explain why it is appreciated, before ending warmly.
Read and practiseWriting a friendly refusal of an invitation in Spanish
Decline an invitation warmly in Spanish, thank the sender and suggest another day to meet.
Read and practiseWriting a daily routine in Spanish
From waking up to bedtime, arrange everyday actions in time and connect them in a short Spanish paragraph.
Read and practiseWriting about your neighborhood in Spanish
A nearby library, a park and your opinion can form a clear Spanish paragraph about your neighborhood.
Read and practiseWriting about weekend plans
A friendly Spanish message can describe your weekend activities, say when they will happen and ask about your friend’s plans.
Read and practiseWriting simple recipes in Spanish
A short recipe names its ingredients and quantities, then guides the reader through preparation in a clear order.
Read and practiseAccent marks in Spanish hiatus
A stressed weak vowel next to a strong vowel needs an accent: see how this separates syllables in common Spanish words.
Read and practiseLowercase languages and nationalities in Spanish
Language names and nationality adjectives normally start with lowercase letters in Spanish, even when English uses capitals.
Read and practiseWriting direct questions in Spanish
Use opening and closing question marks around direct questions and distinguish them from indirect questions in Spanish writing.
Read and practiseDecimal commas in Spanish quantities
A comma separates whole numbers from decimal digits in Spanish quantities, prices and measurements; practise reading and writing them.
Read and practiseWhen Spanish y becomes e
Before an initial i sound, the Spanish word for “and” changes form. Practise the rule and the exception for the ie sound.
Read and practiseSpanish alternatives before an o sound
Before a following o sound, the Spanish word for “or” changes form; practise choosing it in everyday alternatives.
Read and practiseWriting gue and gui
A silent letter helps keep the hard g sound in everyday Spanish words before e and i.
Read and practiseSpanish c and qu for the k sound
A hard consonant sound takes different spellings before vowels; practise choosing the right letters in everyday words.
Read and practiseWriting a workshop time-change notice in Spanish
Announce a workshop’s changed start time, unchanged location and whether people must register again.
Read and practiseA short personal profile in Spanish
Introduce yourself in a brief Spanish profile with your interests and abilities, using clear sentences suited to the situation.
Read and practiseTubo and tuvo: a pipe or the past of tener
Choose tubo for a pipe or tube and tuvo for the third-person singular preterite of tener, using the surrounding meaning.
Read and practiseSpelling m before p and b in Spanish
Learn the usual Spanish spelling rule for m before p or b with practical words and original sentences.
Read and practiseHay, ahí and ay: spelling and meaning
Distinguish hay for existence, ahí for location and ay as an exclamation in context.
Read and practiseWriting Spanish exclamations with ¡ and !
Use opening and closing exclamation marks around a direct exclamation, including one inside a sentence.
Read and practiseSpanish plurals: z changes to c before es
Form common plurals such as luces, peces and lápices by changing final z to c before adding es.
Read and practiseTe and té: the Spanish pronoun and tea
Distinguish unaccented te, a pronoun referring to you, from accented té, the drink or tea plant.
Read and practiseAccent marks in plurals: canción and canciones
Learn why some singular nouns lose their written accent in the plural while the spoken stress stays in place.
Read and practiseWriting an email to request information
Request information in a Spanish email with a subject line, greeting, thanks and appropriate closing.
Read and practiseFormal Spanish email greetings and sign-offs
A formal email calls for a respectful greeting, a clear purpose and a closing that suits the recipient.
Read and practiseSpanish paragraphs with a clear main idea
A focused topic sentence gives a paragraph direction, while relevant details explain or illustrate its main idea.
Read and practiseSequencing a personal experience in Spanish
A past outing becomes easy to follow when time markers connect the opening, the events and the ending in a clear order.
Read and practiseWriting a meeting follow-up in Spanish
Summarize a meeting in Spanish by recording an agreed deadline, assigned tasks and a request for corrections.
Read and practiseDescribing a simple chart in Spanish
A chart summary identifies the main pattern and compares figures clearly, with quantities and time periods where relevant.
Read and practiseWriting a route in Spanish
From a station to a library, write clear directions using landmarks, turns and a final destination.
Read and practiseWriting a product description in Spanish
A clear listing describes an item’s condition and size, then tells buyers where and when they can collect it.
Read and practiseWriting a refund request in Spanish
A damaged order or canceled service calls for a clear written request stating the purchase, the problem and the refund amount.
Read and practiseWriting an apology for a delayed reply
Acknowledge a late reply politely, provide the requested information and invite further questions in Spanish.
Read and practiseReporting a building problem in Spanish
A clear maintenance message identifies the fault, its location and urgency, then politely asks for help.
Read and practiseSummarizing a short Spanish article
A short article can be reduced to its central point and essential facts without adding opinions or minor details.
Read and practiseConstructive written feedback in Spanish
A useful comment identifies an observable detail, explains its effect and offers a practical suggestion in Spanish.
Read and practiseWriting an email with an attachment in Spanish
Identify an attached document, explain its purpose and ask the recipient to confirm access in a Spanish email.
Read and practisePunctuating quoted speech in Spanish
Quotation marks separate exact words from narration; place the sentence punctuation correctly around a quoted question or statement.
Read and practiseCommas in Spanish lists
A series of words or phrases takes commas between items; see how the final conjunction changes the punctuation in Spanish.
Read and practiseSpanish b and v: common spelling patterns
Several familiar verb endings and letter combinations help with Spanish b and v spelling, although exceptions need attention.
Read and practiseSino and sino que: correcting a statement
After a negative statement, choose the Spanish corrective conjunction according to whether the replacement contains a conjugated verb.
Read and practiseWriting to correct a name on a reservation
Correct a surname on a reservation in Spanish and request an updated booking confirmation.
Read and practiseMás and mas: quantity or contrast
An accent distinguishes a word of quantity from a formal conjunction meaning but; learn to select the spelling from context.
Read and practiseDe and dé: preposition or giving
A small accent separates the Spanish preposition from a form of the verb to give; use context to choose the right spelling.
Read and practiseSe and sé: pronoun or verb
A written accent distinguishes an unstressed pronoun from two verb forms; identify their roles in context.
Read and practiseWriting about returning a borrowed book in Spanish
Arrange to return a borrowed book with a friendly message proposing a place, time and alternative day.
Read and practiseAccent marks in solo and demonstratives
Current spelling guidance for the word meaning alone or only and for demonstratives, including cases where ambiguity may arise.
Read and practiseWriting a correction after sending the wrong attachment in Spanish
Replace an incorrect attachment in a Spanish message, identify the right file and request access confirmation.
Read and practiseWriting a request for a receipt copy in Spanish
Ask for a copy of a lost receipt in Spanish and provide purchase details that can help locate it.
Read and practiseWriting about a missed class in Spanish
Catch up after a missed class by asking in Spanish about its topics, available notes and any assignment.
Read and practiseWriting a short absence notice in Spanish
Notify a group of an absence with the date, any relevant availability and a request for follow-up.
Read and practiseWriting to request missing meeting access details in Spanish
Identify a meeting and ask for its missing address or online link so you can confirm how to join.
Read and practiseSi no and sino: a negative condition or a correction
Distinguish two-word si no for an if-not condition from one-word sino for replacing an explicitly rejected alternative.
Read and practiseAún and aun: still and even in Spanish writing
Distinguish accented aún when it means still from unaccented aun in examples meaning even, and choose the spelling by meaning.
Read and practiseA ver and haber: two Spanish spellings with different uses
Distinguish a ver, meaning to see or introducing a ver si, from the infinitive haber in statements about existence.
Read and practiseHaya and halla: existence and location in Spanish spelling
Distinguish haya, a present subjunctive form of haber, from halla, a present indicative form of hallar, using sentence context.
Read and practisePor qué, porque and el porqué: question, cause and noun
Choose por qué for asking why, porque for giving a cause and el porqué for the noun meaning the reason.
Read and practiseWriting a brief condolence message in Spanish
Acknowledge a loss, offer support and express sympathy in a short message without demanding a reply.
Read and practiseWriting a thank-you message after an interview in Spanish
Thank an interviewer after a conversation, mention the role and offer to answer further questions.
Read and practiseVaya, valla and baya: Spanish spelling and meaning
Distinguish vaya from ir, valla meaning a fence, and baya meaning a berry through context.
Read and practiseA defensible thesis in Spanish
A strong argumentative thesis states a position and previews relevant reasons that the essay can develop with evidence.
Read and practiseCounterarguments and rebuttals in Spanish
A fair opposing view strengthens an essay when a relevant response addresses its concern without exaggerating it.
Read and practiseWriting a formal complaint in Spanish
A late order, its consequences and a concrete remedy can form a clear, courteous complaint letter.
Read and practiseA Spanish cover letter for a job
A relevant achievement, its value to the employer and an interview request make a persuasive job application letter.
Read and practiseWriting an executive summary in Spanish
A report’s purpose, principal findings and recommendation become a concise overview for decision makers.
Read and practiseA community project proposal in Spanish
A neighborhood need, a practical action and the resources required can form a concise project proposal.
Read and practiseWeighing evidence in Spanish essays
Strong arguments compare the reach and limits of evidence before drawing a proportionate conclusion.
Read and practiseFormal register and impersonal Spanish
Professional writing can turn casual statements into precise requests and neutral observations suited to their audience.
Read and practiseClear references across sentences
Reference words connect ideas across sentences when readers can identify exactly what each word points to.
Read and practiseThe Spanish colon in context
Lists, explanations and formal greetings call for a colon in distinct positions; learn the punctuation and capitalization that follow.
Read and practiseThe Spanish semicolon
Closely linked clauses and complex lists become easier to follow when a semicolon makes their boundaries clear.
Read and practiseA balanced conclusion in Spanish
A convincing ending brings the argument together, acknowledges a relevant limit and points towards a proportionate next step.
Read and practise
A morning routine in Spanish
A window opens, breakfast follows and Ana leaves home: trace the order and times in a short Spanish reading.
Read and practiseA family photo in Spanish
A family portrait reveals parents, a brother and a grandmother: follow their relationships in a short Spanish reading.
Read and practiseA café menu in Spanish
Coffee, tea, a sandwich and an apple each have a price: find drinks, food and costs on a simple Spanish café menu.
Read and practiseA school timetable in Spanish
Music on Monday, maths on Tuesday and other classes fill a school timetable: find subjects, weekdays and times in Spanish.
Read and practiseA birthday card in Spanish
A birthday wish, a signature and a greeting reveal who sends and receives this short Spanish card.
Read and practiseA first day at work: a Spanish reading
Ana finds her new office and meets her colleagues. Follow her first morning and discover where the team takes its coffee break.
Read and practiseA family weekend at the beach
A family travels to the coast, spends a day by the sea and makes a plan for Sunday before going home.
Read and practiseA missed bus on the way to class
Lucía misses her bus, contacts a classmate and finds another way to school. Follow the events and check what happens next.
Read and practiseA picnic shopping list in Spanish
Four tomatoes, two loaves and three bottles: identify the missing items and who will bring each one to a picnic.
Read and practiseA found book: returning it to its owner
Elena finds a book in a park; follow how she uses its details to return it to its owner.
Read and practiseWeather forecasts for a mountain hike
Sun in the morning and possible afternoon rain: compare two forecasts and choose what Marta packs for a cold hike.
Read and practiseVisiting a flat and choosing what matters
A bright living room and a third-floor location shape Clara’s decision during an apartment viewing in this short story.
Read and practiseA dog’s visit to the veterinary clinic
A dog stops eating and drinks less water: follow the owner’s account and the vet’s instructions in a short Spanish story.
Read and practiseLost keys and a search at home
A missing set of keys takes Ana from the kitchen table to her coat and finally to a book on the sofa.
Read and practisePlanning a birthday party in Spanish
A cake, invitations and music: follow two friends as they divide the work before a birthday celebration.
Read and practiseRestaurant opening hours in Spanish
A weekly closure and separate lunch and dinner services help you decide when to visit a restaurant.
Read and practiseA community garden: a short Spanish story
Lucía joins a community garden, shares preparation tasks and arranges another visit in this Spanish story.
Read and practiseA Spanish laundry care label
A shirt label gives a maximum wash temperature and explains how to dry the garment safely.
Read and practiseHotel breakfast notice in Spanish
Breakfast times, the dining room and the price for an extra companion appear in a short hotel notice.
Read and practiseFollowing a town map in Spanish
A station, a square and a bridge guide a visitor through town to the tourist office beside a park.
Read and practiseAn apple tree through the seasons
White blossoms become apples as a family cares for a tree through the changing seasons.
Read and practiseReading swimming pool rules in Spanish
Opening hours, permitted goggles and a safety instruction help visitors use this swimming pool.
Read and practiseA rainy market morning: Spanish reading
Sudden rain threatens books at a market stall; follow how neighbors protect them in a Spanish story.
Read and practiseA shared kitchen reservation: Spanish reading
Two neighbors resolve a shared-kitchen scheduling clash; follow their messages and agreed change.
Read and practiseRead a Spanish parcel-locker pickup notice
A parcel-locker notice gives pickup details; locate the deadline, access code and printing requirement.
Read and practiseRead a simple Spanish fruit-salad recipe
Prepare to read a Spanish fruit-salad recipe by identifying portions, ingredients and the order of steps.
Read and practiseA train platform changes: a short story
Tomás faces a delayed train and a platform change; follow the directions to the new platform.
Read and practiseA beach cleanup and an unexpected find
Gloves, bags and a lost wallet shape this Spanish story about a beach cleanup and the tasks shared by volunteers.
Read and practiseA delayed flight and a new connection
A missed connection leads to a choice between an evening flight with a stop and a direct flight the next morning.
Read and practiseNeighbors agree on quieter evenings
Courtyard music raises different concerns; follow the neighbors as they find a compromise and plan to revisit it.
Read and practiseCommunity fridge: reading the guidelines
A fictional fridge notice explains which food is accepted, how packages are dated and what visitors may take.
Read and practiseA coat at a clothing swap: Spanish reading
A coat at a clothing swap has a missing button; follow a volunteer’s help and the exchange.
Read and practiseReading a household energy bill in Spanish
An April energy bill shows a billing period, electricity consumption and a payment deadline to identify.
Read and practiseA bicycle theft insurance claim
A stolen bicycle leads to a fictional claim: follow the police report, purchase receipt and photograph through the process.
Read and practiseA fictional missed-dose leaflet
A missed dose appears in a fictional Spanish leaflet: identify its instruction, the information to note and when to seek advice.
Read and practiseA local election notice in Spanish
A fictional election notice identifies the eligible voters, polling place and hours for a local vote.
Read and practiseReading a room rental notice in Spanish
A Spanish room advertisement lists costs and availability; identify the included bill and contact steps.
Read and practiseA part-time job advertisement
A bookshop vacancy sets out duties, afternoon hours and application requirements in a short Spanish advertisement.
Read and practiseComparing mobile phone plans
Two fictional mobile plans differ in data, monthly price and commitment; compare their terms and answer questions.
Read and practiseSharing a flat’s electricity bill
Two flatmates divide an electricity bill equally after one pays the company upfront; follow the transfer that settles their shares.
Read and practiseRead a Spanish notice about a repair event
A community repair notice lists booking instructions; identify the deadline and items excluded from help.
Read and practiseA community bus route consultation
A proposed neighborhood bus route serves a health center and a market, but would make the journey longer.
Read and practiseReading a recycling collection calendar
A neighbourhood collection calendar assigns paper, packaging and glass to different days; find each material and its pickup day.
Read and practiseReading a pool maintenance update
A pool notice explains which facilities close, when reopening is possible and where pass holders can swim in the meantime.
Read and practiseA school trip permission form
A museum trip form asks for family permission and an emergency number: find the visit date and required details.
Read and practiseRead a Spanish reading-club announcement
A reading club announcement names a discussion text; find the registration deadline and absence request.
Read and practiseReading a secondhand desk listing
A used desk listing gives its dimensions and condition, plus the arrangements for collecting it from the seller.
Read and practiseA food bank donation appeal
Rice, lentils and a deadline: read a fictional Spanish appeal and locate the collection point.
Read and practiseA neighborhood theatre audition
A short poem leads to an audition: follow a fictional applicant from practice to the company’s response.
Read and practiseRead a Spanish community tool-loan notice
Borrowing tools requires a card: find the loan period and how to report a fault in a Spanish notice.
Read and practiseRead a Spanish museum visitor notice
Museum visitors need a tour reservation: find the deadline, free exhibition and photography condition.
Read and practiseRead a Spanish cancellation notice with a refund
A cancelled walk prompts a Spanish notice: identify the reason, notification method and refund procedure.
Read and practiseRead a Spanish station notice about a lift outage
A station lift is out of service; find the alternative ramp, help point and missing repair information.
Read and practiseRead a Spanish story about a forgotten library card
Lucía has forgotten something at the library; identify her question, the alternative and how she gets the book.
Read and practiseRead a Spanish story about an unfamiliar cooking word
Javier encounters an unfamiliar cooking word: identify who explains it and how he records the meaning.
Read and practiseReading Spanish: a plant-cutting exchange shelf
A neighborhood plant exchange involves a labelled cutting; follow the swap and watering instruction.
Read and practiseReading Spanish: comparing bicycle repair estimates
Amina compares repair estimates: find the price of parts and calculate the first proposed total.
Read and practiseReading Spanish: choosing between two train times
Julia compares two departures, journey times and an arrival deadline; work out why she chooses the later train.
Read and practiseReading Spanish: choosing a film showing by subtitle language
Nora compares subtitle languages and asks about seats before reserving a Spanish film showing.
Read and practiseReading Spanish: a neighborhood notice about a missing cat
A neighborhood notice describes a missing cat; find its markings, location and how to report a sighting.
Read and practiseReading Spanish: a notice of a temporary water interruption
Leo reads a water-interruption notice; identify the hours, affected building and contact for questions.
Read and practiseReading Spanish: following a library self-checkout screen
Isabel uses a library self-checkout screen; determine whether the card or book is scanned first.
Read and practiseReading Spanish: understanding a workshop waiting list
Mara receives a workshop waiting-list message; distinguish her status from a confirmed place.
Read and practiseRead Spanish: comparing two shadow measurements
Leo measures a shadow twice in class; compare the recorded times and lengths in the Spanish text.
Read and practiseRead Spanish: understanding a bicycle distance log
Elena tracks four days of bicycle travel; identify the rainy day, one distance and the total.
Read and practiseRead Spanish: asking for a detail to be repeated
Sara presents her neighborhood; follow a request to repeat a street name and the listener’s response.
Read and practiseRead Spanish: finding a new time for a walk
Lina and Omar change a walking plan; follow their agreed time and confirmed meeting place.
Read and practiseA housing cooperative proposal
A laundry or study room? Compare the fictional cooperative’s costs and residents’ objections.
Read and practiseA flexible-hours workplace policy
Who can apply and when must staff be available? Interpret a fictional policy and its emergency exception.
Read and practiseReading a newspaper correction
A newspaper corrects the length of a library closure and explains where readers can borrow books during the work.
Read and practiseReading an opinion on water conservation
A local opinion links leaking pipes to water waste and proposes a way for residents to follow repairs.
Read and practiseReading Spanish subscription cancellation terms
A fictional magazine subscription sets out automatic renewal, the cancellation deadline and an exception if publication stops.
Read and practiseA neighborhood debate about street trees
A neighborhood weighs shade against pavement damage and upkeep, then considers a limited tree-planting project.
Read and practiseReading a museum exhibition description
A changing port comes alive through sound and objects: examine a fictional exhibition’s theme, curatorial choices and intended effect.
Read and practiseReading a remote-work survey
Sixty of a hundred choose three days at home: interpret survey proportions and separate the findings from a tentative conclusion.
Read and practiseReading community budget meeting minutes
A neighborhood meeting considers a playground proposal, changes its funding and records the final vote and remaining budget.
Read and practiseA dispute over a rental deposit
A tenant and a landlord disagree about a floor stain; follow their evidence and proposed way to settle the deposit.
Read and practiseA food waste campaign under scrutiny
Ten thousand visits: examine a campaign’s audience, purpose and the limits of its reported results.
Read and practiseConsulting residents on a solar project
Lower bills and possible disruption: compare a solar proposal’s projected benefit, concern and mitigation.
Read and practise