olmak: to be, to become
Olmak means 'become' and 'happen', and gives 'be' only outside the present. Study its forms and see why 'I am a student' needs no olmak at all.
Read and practiseAdventure journal
Turkish verbs
Learn each verb with its stem, tenses and common sentences, from olmak and gitmek to less frequent verbs.
Adventure journal
Turkish verbs
Choose your level
No matching lesson. Try a shorter search or another topic.
gelmek: to come
The stem gel- never changes, but the k of the future -ecek softens to ğ before a vowel: gelecek, geleceğim. Present, past and future forms of gelmek.
Read and practisegitmek: to go, and why git- turns into gid-
Gitmek means to go, but its stem changes: gidiyorum, gideceğim, yet gittim and gitmiyor. See when t turns into d and which case marks where you go.
Read and practiseyapmak: to do, to make
Do homework, do sport, have breakfast, go shopping: see how yapmak takes -ıyor and -tı in six persons, and why it is yaptım and never yapdım.
Read and practiseyemek: to eat, yiyorum and yedim
Eat in Turkish: why the stem ye- turns into yi- in yiyorum, but stays ye- in yedim and yemiyorum, plus yemek as a noun for the meal itself.
Read and practiseiçmek: to drink and to smoke
Tea, water, soup and cigarettes all take one Turkish verb. See içmek in the present, past, future and negative, and why içtim has a t.
Read and practisealmak: to buy, to get, to take
How almak (to buy, get, take) works: a regular stem al-, the k of -acak turning into ğ in alacağım, and why a photo or a bus ride takes a different verb.
Read and practisevermek: to give
Who gets what? See how vermek puts the receiver in -e/-a and how its stem takes -iyor, -di and -ecek, including the softening in vereceğim.
Read and practisegörmek: to see
The ö of görmek rounds the endings that follow it: görüyorum and gördüm, not göriyorum. Present, past and future forms of görmek, to see.
Read and practisebakmak: to look at, to look after
Bakmak means to look at, and whatever you look at takes the dative. Its present, past and future forms, with baktım and bakacağız explained.
Read and practiseistemek: to want, to ask for
Conjugate istemek in the present, negative and past, say what you want, and put a second verb before it as in gitmek istiyorum.
Read and practisesevmek: to love, to like, with -i on the object
Say who or what you love or like: sevmek needs its object marked with -i (seni, kediyi). Present, past, future and negative forms, with seveceğim.
Read and practisebilmek: to know a fact, not a person
Bilmek is for facts, answers and skills; for someone you have met Turkish says tanımak. See all forms of bilmek in the present, the past and the negative.
Read and practisekonuşmak: to speak and to talk with someone
Talk with a friend, speak Turkish, stay quiet in a meeting: konuşmak marks the other person with ile, -le or -la. Present, past, future and negative forms.
Read and practiseokumak: to read, to study
Kitap okuyorum, okudum, okuyacağım: see why a vowel-final stem adds y before -acak, and how okumak also means to study at school or university.
Read and practiseyazmak: to write, and why it is yazdım, not yaztım
Yazmak is regular, yet its z is voiced: yazıyorum, yazdım, yazacağım. See the vowel before -yor, the d of the past, and how to say what you write and where.
Read and practiseoturmak: to sit, to live
Sitting down or living somewhere? Oturuyorum covers both. Learn oturmak in three tenses and when its place takes -de/-da or -e/-a.
Read and practiseçalışmak: to work, to study
Çalışmak covers a job, homework and a lift that runs: the workplace in -da, ders çalışmak for study, and why the past is çalıştım, not çalışdım.
Read and practiseuyumak: to sleep, to fall asleep
The stem uyu- ends in a vowel, which shapes every ending: uyuyorum, uyudum, uyuyacağım, uyumuyorum. Plus how uyumak differs from yatmak, going to bed.
Read and practiseanlamak: to understand, to get it
Anlıyorum, not anlayorum: the final a of anla- drops before -ıyor. See anlamak in the present, past, future and negative, with examples.
Read and practisesöylemek: to say, to tell, to sing
Who hears it, and what is said? Tell someone something with söylemek: the listener takes -e, the thing said takes -i. Forms: söylüyorum, söyledim, söyleyeceğim.
Read and practisebulmak: to find, to consider
Lost key or good film? Bulmak covers both: see why its rounded u gives buluyorum and buldum, and why searching for something is aramak, not bulmak.
Read and practiseöğrenmek: to learn
Öğreniyorum, not öğrenüyorum: only the last vowel of the stem chooses the ending. Present, past, future and negative forms, plus öğrenmek versus öğretmek.
Read and practiseöğretmek: to teach
Teach or learn? Öğretmek gives knowledge and öğrenmek receives it. See its forms, the person who learns in -e/-a, and the double t in öğrettim.
Read and practisebaşlamak: to begin, to start
A lesson, a job, a habit: what you begin takes -e/-a, and a verb before başlamak ends in -meye/-maya. Forms: başlıyorum, başladım, başlayacağım.
Read and practisebitirmek: to finish, and how it differs from bitmek
Ödevi bitirdim or ödev bitti? Learn bitirmek, to finish something with an object in the accusative, its forms in three tenses, and how it differs from bitmek.
Read and practisekalmak: to stay and to be left
Stay in a hotel, at a friend's place or at home: kalmak in the present, past and future, with a back-vowel stem that gives kalıyorum, kaldım and kalacağım.
Read and practisekalkmak: to get up, to leave
One letter from kalmak: kalkmak is to get up, stand and, for trains and planes, leave. See kalktım with -tı, kalkacağım with ğ and the ablative yataktan.
Read and practiseyürümek: to walk, with yürüyorum and yürüdüm
The ü at the end of yürü- brings a y before -ecek and rounds every past ending: yürüyorum, yürüdüm, yürüyeceğim, yürümüyorum.
Read and practisekoşmak: to run, with a stem that never changes
Koşuyorum, koştum, koşacağım: the stem koş- stays put, the past takes -tu after ş, and running in a place (-da) differs from running to it (-a).
Read and practisedurmak: to stop and to stand still
Dur! is only the start: durmak gives duruyorum, durdum and duracağım, and it never takes an object (that needs durdurmak).
Read and practisebeklemek: to wait for someone or something
Waiting for a bus or a friend: beklemek has no word for "for", its object ends in -i, and the e of bekle- drops in bekliyorum but returns in bekledim.
Read and practisearamak: to look for, to call
Calling your mother or hunting for keys? Aramak does both: see arıyorum, aradım and arayacağız, and why the person you phone takes the accusative.
Read and practiseaçmak: to open and to turn on
Because aç- ends in a voiceless ç, the past is açtım, not açdım. Learn the forms of açmak, when it means turn on, and why a door that is open is açık.
Read and practisekapatmak: to close and to switch off
Close a door, switch off the light, hang up on a call: kapatmak takes its object with -ı, and what closes by itself is kapanmak.
Read and practisedinlemek: to listen
Not dinleyorum but dinliyorum: the final e of dinle- narrows in the present. Plus how listening on purpose, dinlemek, differs from simply hearing, duymak.
Read and practisedüşünmek: to think, with düşünüyorum and düşündüm
Seni düşünüyorum, not sana: whom you think of takes the accusative. Plus düşünüyorum, düşündüm, düşüneceğim and düşünmüyorum with their ü.
Read and practisesormak: to ask, to ask about
Ask a person or ask about a thing? With sormak the person takes -e/-a and the thing asked takes -i: Ali'ye sordum, Ali'yi sordum. Forms: soruyorum, sordum.
Read and practiseyaşamak: to live
Where you live and whether someone is alive: yaşamak says both. See yaşıyorum, yaşadım, yaşayacağım and yaşamıyorum, with the city in -da.
Read and practisegirmek: to enter a room, a shop or a job
Odaya, not odayı: girmek takes the dative for the place you enter, and its stem gir- never changes in giriyorum, girdi and gireceğim.
Read and practiseçıkmak: to go out, leave, climb and appear
Evden çıkıyorum, dağa çıktık: one verb, two directions. See how -den marks the place you leave and -e/-a the one you climb, with a stem that never softens.
Read and practisebinmek: getting on a bus, a train or a horse
Otobüse, not otobüsü: binmek always marks the vehicle with -e/-a. Forms such as biniyorum, bindim and bineceğim, plus how it differs from inmek.
Read and practiseinmek: to get off and to go down
Down the stairs, off the bus, onto the runway: inmek covers all three. See iniyorum, indim and ineceğim, and why the vehicle you leave takes -den.
Read and practisedönmek: to return, to turn
Eve dönüyorum, sağa dön: the ö keeps rounding the endings (dönüyor, döndü, dönmüyor), and the place you return to takes the dative -e/-a.
Read and practisegülmek: to laugh, and laugh at
Bana gülme means don't laugh at me: the person laughed at takes -e/-a. Also gülüyorum, güldüm, güleceğim and the negative gülmüyorum.
Read and practiseağlamak: to cry, and the soft ğ that stays
Ağlıyorum, ağladım, ağlayacağım: the stem ağla- keeps its soft ğ and loses its final a before -yor. Learn to say who cries, when, and about what.
Read and practisegiymek: to wear, to put on
Coat, dress or shoes: giymek is the verb for clothes. See giyiyorum, giydim and giyeceğim, and why glasses and watches take takmak.
Read and practisesatmak: to sell
Sattım, not satdım: the voiceless t of sat- decides the past ending. Learn the forms of satmak, who gets what you sell, and how it differs from satın almak.
Read and practiseödemek: to pay
Paying a bill in Turkish: conjugate ödemek in three tenses and see why its stem becomes ödüyor- in the present and ödeyeceğim in the future.
Read and practisebuluşmak: to meet up with someone
Meeting a friend at six? Buluşmak marks the person with ile/-le, not the accusative: seninle buluşuyorum. Forms such as buluştum and buluşacağız.
Read and practisetanışmak: to meet someone, and the ile it needs
Ayşe'yle tanıştım, not Ayşe'yi: tanışmak never takes an object. Learn tanıştım, tanışıyorum and tanışacağım, and how -le/-la marks the person you meet.
Read and practisegeçmek: passing, crossing and time going by
Sınavdan geçtim, yoldan geçiyor: geçmek takes the ablative for what you pass, plus geçiyorum, geçtim, geçeceğim and why it is not "to spend time".
Read and practisegezmek: to stroll, to tour, with geziyorum and gezdim
Müzeyi gezdim, not müzeye: what you tour takes the accusative, while a place to wander in takes -de/-da. Forms: geziyorum, gezdim, gezeceğim.
Read and practiseyıkamak: washing hands, dishes and the car
Ellerimi yıkıyorum or duvarı yıkıyorlar? The present of yıkamak (wash) looks like yıkmak (demolish); the past, yıkadım against yıktım, keeps them apart.
Read and practisepişirmek: to cook
Cooking something versus being cooked: pişirmek puts you in charge, pişmek lets the food do it. Conjugate pişirmek and avoid the common mix-up.
Read and practiseuçmak: to fly
Uçuyorum, uçtum, uçacağım: how uçmak (to fly) rounds -iyor to -uyor after u, takes a t in the past and softens k to ğ in the future.
Read and practiseyüzmek: to swim, and where
Denizde yüzüyorum or denize yüzüyorum? In the sea takes -de, to the shore takes -e. Plus yüzüyorum, yüzdüm, yüzeceğim and the negative yüzmüyorum.
Read and practisehatırlamak: remembering people and moments
A face, a password, a shared trip: use hatırlamak for what you remember, practise hatırlıyorum and hatırlayacağım, and separate remembering from reminding.
Read and practiseunutmak: forgetting things and forgetting to act
An umbrella left on a bus and a call you never made both use unutmak. Practise unuttum, unutacağım and the action pattern aramayı unutmak.
Read and practiseanlatmak: tell a story, explain an idea
A plan to explain, a tale to tell: use anlatmak with a listener and a topic, practise its main forms, and distinguish explaining from understanding.
Read and practiseGöstermek: show someone something
A drawing, a route, a button: use göstermek to show something to someone, choose bana rather than beni, and form a polite request with gösterir misiniz.
Read and practisegöndermek: send a file, parcel or message
A file goes to someone: göndermek pairs the item with its recipient. Practise gönderiyorum, göndereceğiz and a polite request without confusing send and take.
Read and practisegetirmek: bring it here
A bowl of soup, a box for tomorrow: getirmek brings something towards a person or meeting place. Practise its forms, requests and contrast with götürmek.
Read and practisegötürmek: taking someone or something elsewhere
A bag to the car, a cat to the vet: götürmek connects an object with a destination. Practise its forms and distinguish taking there from bringing here.
Read and practisetaşımak: carrying things and moving them
A basket in your hands, a table in another room: use taşımak for carrying, practise its forms and distinguish it from taşınmak when you move home.
Read and practisetutmak: hold, take notes, keep a promise
A ladder, a notebook, a promise: tutmak changes meaning with its object. Practise tutuyorum, tuttum, tutarım and tutacağım in everyday contexts.
Read and practisebırakmak: leave something, let go, stop
An umbrella by the door, a rope in your hand: bırakmak covers leaving and letting go. Practise its forms and say which activity has stopped.
Read and practiseatmak: throw, discard and send a message
A ball, an old ticket, a message: atmak changes meaning with its object. Practise attım, atacağım and atar mısın, and keep the stem’s t.
Read and practiseçekmek: pull, take photos, withdraw money
A rope, a camera and a bank account meet in çekmek. Practise its forms, distinguish pulling from pushing, and choose the verb for taking photos.
Read and practiseitmek: push a door or move an object
A door that will not move? Use itmek for pushing: itiyorum, ittim and iter misiniz. Practise keeping t and naming the object you push.
Read and practisekoymak: put something in its place
A book on a shelf, salt in soup: koymak names the act of placing or adding. Practise koyuyorum, koydum, koyacağım and koyarım, with the destination in the dative.
Read and practisekullanmak: use a tool, drive a car
A tablet, a pencil or a car: the Turkish verb for using things also covers driving. Practise its forms, mark specific objects and distinguish drivers from passengers.
Read and practisedenemek: try something out or try doing it
A jacket, a recipe, a possible solution: denemek lets you try them out. Practise its forms and turn an action into the thing you try.
Read and practiseKazanmak: win a match, earn money
A match, an income, new experience: kazanmak covers all three. Practise its present, past, future and habitual forms, and distinguish winning from defeating.
Read and practiseKaybetmek: lose things, time or a game
A missing glove, wasted time, a game you lose: practise kaybetmek and its changing stem, then distinguish losing something from getting lost.
Read and practiseHarcamak: spend money, time and effort
Where does your money go? Harcamak names what you spend and what you spend it on. Practise its forms and distinguish time devoted to a task from time passed somewhere.
Read and practisebiriktirmek: save up and collect
Small amounts add up: biriktirmek describes saving money or collecting objects. Practise its forms and distinguish your action from money building up.
Read and practisekaçmak: escape and avoid
An open window, a noisy city, a duty to avoid: kaçmak connects escape with what you leave behind. Practise its forms and distinguish it from missing a bus.
Read and practiseTo catch: forms and objects
A flying ball, the last bus, a new opportunity: practise the Turkish verb for catching and see why the bus takes a different ending with “reach in time”.
Read and practisedüşmek: falling, dropping and going down
A wallet on the floor, a colder night: Turkish uses the same verb for both. Practise falling from and onto a place, and distinguish falling from dropping something.
Read and practiseKırmak: break objects, hurt feelings
Cracked walnuts and hurt feelings both use kırmak. Practise kırıyorum, kıracağım and kırarım, and distinguish breaking something from something breaking.
Read and practiseKesmek: cut, slice and interrupt
Cardboard, bread and a conversation: kesmek covers cutting and interrupting. Practise kestim, keseceğiz and keser, then distinguish an action from a power cut.
Read and practisedökmek: pour deliberately or spill by accident
Sauce onto pasta or water onto the floor: dökmek covers pouring and spilling. Practise döküyorum, döktüm and dökeceğim with liquids and loose ingredients.
Read and practisedoldurmak: fill a container, complete a form
A jug of water and a blank form both need doldurmak. Practise its common forms, mark what you fill, and distinguish filling something from becoming full.
Read and practiseBoşaltmak: empty a container, clear a space
A full drawer or a crowded shelf: boşaltmak removes what is inside or on it. Practise its forms, object endings and the contrast with boşalmak.
Read and practiseToplamak: gather, pick and tidy up
Scattered leaves and a messy room call for the same Turkish verb. Practise gathering, fruit picking and tidying, with present, past, future and habitual forms.
Read and practiseDağıtmak: hand out, distribute and make a mess
A deck of cards or a messy room: dağıtmak changes meaning with its object. Practise its forms and distinguish what you hand out from who receives it.
Read and practisesaymak: counting and considering
From counting buttons to judging a mistake: practise saymak, distinguish sayarım from sayıyorum, and count up to a number with yirmiye kadar.
Read and practiseKarıştırmak: stir, mix and confuse
Stirring soup or confusing salt with sugar? Karıştırmak covers both. Practise its forms, the object pattern and the difference from karışmak.
Read and practisetemizlemek: clean a surface or a room
A spotless mirror and a tidy room are different results. Practise temizlemek in five forms, mark what you clean, and distinguish cleaning from putting things away.
Read and practiseWipe, erase, delete: one Turkish verb
A dusty mirror and an unwanted file both call for the same Turkish verb. Practise its forms and distinguish the object you wipe from the place you remove something from.
Read and practisesüpürmek: sweeping and vacuuming
Crumbs on the floor, dust on the carpet: süpürmek covers sweeping and vacuuming. Practise its forms, name the surface and distinguish it from wiping.
Read and practisedikmek: sew a skirt, plant a sapling
A needle or a sapling gives dikmek its meaning. Practise sewing and planting with dikiyorum, diktim, dikeceğim and dikerim, and distinguish seeds from seedlings.
Read and practiseÇizmek: draw lines, sketch and scratch
A pencil draws; a key scratches: çizmek covers both. Practise çizer and çizeceğiz, describe shapes and plans, and use altını çizmek to underline a word.
Read and practiseboyamak: painting surfaces and dyeing hair
A shelf in blue, a wall in white: boyamak connects an object with its new colour. Practise boyuyorum, boyayacağız and the difference between painting and making a picture.
Read and practisePlaying, stealing and ringing in Turkish
A violin, a stolen bicycle and a ringing phone share one Turkish verb. Practise its forms and use the whole sentence to decide which meaning fits.
Read and practiseoynamak: games, teams and acting roles
Backgammon with grandpa, a school team or a stage role: use oynamak, practise oynuyorum and oynayacağım, and choose çalmak for musical instruments.
Read and practiseCelebrating and congratulating in Turkish
A birthday party or a message of congratulations: practise the Turkish verb for both, with present, past and future forms and the person as a direct object.
Read and practiseçağırmak: call someone over or invite them
A kitchen summons or a breakfast invitation: çağırmak brings someone to a place or event. Practise its forms and distinguish inviting from phoning.
Read and practisetanımak: know someone, recognise someone
A familiar voice can be enough: tanımak means knowing someone or recognising them. Practise its forms and distinguish knowing a person from knowing their name.
Read and practisesevinmek: be glad about something
A welcome invitation brings out sevinmek: practise being glad about news, feeling happy for someone, and choosing the right forms and noun endings.
Read and practisekorkmak: be afraid and name the fear
Thunder, a vacuum cleaner or making mistakes: korkmak names a fear with the ablative. Practise its forms and distinguish being afraid from frightening someone.
Read and practisekızmak: getting angry with someone
Anger has a target: Turkish uses sana kızmak, not seni kızmak. Practise kızıyorum, kızdım, kızacağım and kızarım, then soften a request with lütfen kızma.
Read and practiseŞaşırmak: being surprised
An unexpected price can leave you surprised. Practise Turkish verb forms, name what surprises you, and distinguish feeling surprise from causing it.
Read and practiseüzülmek: feel sad or upset
A disappointing result calls for üzülmek: name what upsets you, express sympathy, and distinguish feeling sad from making someone else sad.
Read and practiseMissing people and places in Turkish
An empty chair at dinner can bring someone to mind. Express longing in Turkish, practise the main verb forms, and distinguish missing someone from missing a bus.
Read and practiseİnanmak: believing someone or something
A claim can sound convincing without being true. Use inanmak with the dative, practise its main forms, and distinguish believing someone from trusting them.
Read and practisegüvenmek: trust someone, trust yourself
Trust takes a dative in Turkish: sana güveniyorum. Practise güvenmek across tenses, express confidence in yourself, and distinguish trust from belief.
Read and practiseSeçmek: choosing an item from a set
A window seat or a blue pen? Practise seçmek across four tenses, name the item you choose and the group you choose from, and keep ç in the stem.
Read and practiseChanging and replacing things in Turkish
A new password, a revised plan, a larger shirt: practise changing and replacing things in Turkish, with verb forms and the difference between an action and a change.
Read and practisedeğişmek: when something changes
A new meeting time, a different colour: değişmek makes the changing thing the subject. Practise its forms and distinguish it from changing something yourself.
Read and practisehazırlamak: prepare something, get it ready
A meeting needs coffee, a trip needs packed bags: practise hazırlamak, its changing stem and the difference between preparing something and getting yourself ready.
Read and practiseuyanmak: wake up, then get out of bed
Awake before the alarm? Practise uyanmak for waking up, compare uyanırım with uyanıyorum, and distinguish waking up from waking another person.
Read and practiseGoing to bed and lying down in Turkish
Bedtime is not the same as falling asleep. Practise the Turkish verb for going to bed or lying down, its common forms, and the difference between direction and location.
Read and practisedinlenmek: rest without necessarily sleeping
A quiet half-hour on the balcony: use dinlenmek for rest, keep its final n, and practise past, future and habitual forms without confusing rest with listening.
Read and practisealışmak: getting used to something
A new job slowly feels familiar: use alışmak with a dative noun or an activity, and distinguish getting used to something from already being used to it.
Read and practiseulaşmak: reach a place, person or goal
A destination, a person on the phone, or information online: use ulaşmak with the dative, practise its forms, and distinguish reaching from being unable to reach.
Read and practisevarmak: arrive at a place, reach a conclusion
The end of a journey calls for varmak: practise arrival times, the destination ending and varır, then use the same verb to reach a conclusion.
Read and practiseyararlanmak: benefit from and draw on
A dictionary or someone’s experience can be a resource: use yararlanmak with the ablative, practise its forms and ask politely to use a facility.
Read and practiseVazgeçmek: giving up a plan or an activity
A plan abandoned, an attempt continued: use vazgeçmek with the ablative, distinguish giving up from pausing, and practise positive and negative forms.
Read and practiseBaşvurmak: apply, turn to, consult
Applications and reference books share başvurmak: practise its forms, choose the dative target, and separate the purpose of a request from its recipient.
Read and practiseTaking part and agreeing in Turkish
Joining a choir does not mean agreeing with a proposal: practise the Turkish verb for both, its dative complement, future forms and past inability.
Read and practisesürdürmek: keep something going
Keeping a project alive takes action: practise sürdürmek with research, talks and traditions, and distinguish continuing something from something lasting.
Read and practiseengellemek: hinder, block and prevent
A truck across an entrance, noise that stops work: use engellemek with objects and actions, practise its forms and distinguish it from engel olmak.
Read and practiseÖnlemek: prevent an unwanted event
A lid that stops a spill, a schedule that avoids a clash: use önlemek with events, practise önlüyor and önlemiyor, and build objects such as suyun dökülmesini.
Read and practisedesteklemek: support a person, a project or a claim
Backing a project and lending weight to a claim both use desteklemek. Practise its forms, mark the object correctly and distinguish it from destek olmak.
Read and practisesavunmak: defend a person or a position
Defending a colleague can coexist with disagreement. Practise the forms of savunmak, mark its object, and report a position someone argues for.
Read and practiseeleştirmek: criticise with a reason
A headline too harsh, a proposal too costly: practise criticising a specific target in Turkish, explain your reason and distinguish criticism from anger.
Read and practiseTartışmak: discussing an issue or arguing
A proposal on the table or a heated exchange? Use tartışmak for both, distinguish the topic from the other person, and practise past and future forms.
Read and practiseKanıtlamak: prove a claim with evidence
A calculation can settle a claim: practise kanıtlamak, its changing stem, and the difference between not proving something and being unable to prove it.
Read and practiseaçıklamak: explain a point, announce information
A diagram clarifies a method; an association announces a programme. Practise açıklamak, its verb forms, its recipient and the clauses that carry its message.
Read and practisebelirtmek: to state and specify
A reservation voiced in a meeting or a cost named in a report: practise belirtmek, its verb forms, and clauses that state what someone said.
Read and practiseduyurmak: announce and make known
A club’s new programme gives duyurmak a clear purpose: announce something to an audience. Practise its forms, recipients and the passive duyuruldu.
Read and practiseyönetmek: manage a team, chair a meeting
Teams, meetings and limited time: use yönetmek to describe responsibility, practise its forms, and distinguish managing something from succeeding at a task.
Read and practiseDirecting people and attention in Turkish
A sign points drivers towards a car park; an editor steers a discussion. Practise the Turkish verb for directing, its forms and the cases for person and destination.
Read and practisegeliştirmek: develop a method, improve a skill
A better method or stronger writing skills: use geliştirmek for what you develop, practise its forms, and distinguish it from gelişmek.
Read and practisegelişmek: develop, improve and unfold
A skill improves, a town develops, events unfold: gelişmek puts the changing thing in the subject position. Practise its forms and distinguish it from geliştirmek.
Read and practiseArtırmak: raise an amount or level
More rehearsals, longer opening hours: use artırmak to raise an amount, distinguish it from artmak, and separate the increase from the new total.
Read and practiseReducing quantities with a Turkish verb
Ten minutes less, or only ten minutes left? Express reductions in Turkish, conjugate the verb and distinguish the amount removed from the final level.
Read and practiseartmak: increase, rise and be left over
Orders rise, curiosity grows, and sandwiches remain: artmak links these contexts. Practise its forms and distinguish an increase from causing one.
Read and practiseazalmak: decrease, diminish, run low
Less noise, fewer errors, dwindling supplies: use azalmak to describe a decrease, practise its forms, and distinguish the amount lost from the final value.
Read and practiseyükselmek: rise in height or level
A rising balloon and a higher water level share yükselmek. Practise its forms, describe a change from one value to another, and distinguish rising from raising.
Read and practiseUygulamak: put a method into practice
A plan becomes action with uygulamak: conjugate the verb, apply a method to a problem, and distinguish implementing something from submitting an application.
Read and practiseKurmak: set up, found and make contact
A tent, a company, a connection: kurmak changes meaning with its object. Practise kurarım and kuracağım, then distinguish setting something up from its being established.
Read and practisekurtarmak: rescue, save and free
Rescued children and recovered files both need kurtarmak. Practise its forms, mark what is saved and from what, and distinguish rescuing from escaping.
Read and practisekorumak: protect something, preserve a state
A phone case and a calm response both illustrate korumak. Practise its forms, distinguish what is protected from the threat, and describe what stays unchanged.
Read and practisesaklamak: hide something or keep it
A box of letters and a hidden gift both call for saklamak. Practise its forms, say whom you hide something from, and distinguish keeping from hiding yourself.
Read and practisegizlemek: conceal something from someone
A concealed signature, a detail kept secret: practise gizlemek in four tenses and distinguish what is hidden from the person kept unaware.
Read and practiseChance encounters: people and problems
A neighbour around the corner, a problem at work: describe encounters in Turkish, choose the right complement and distinguish running into someone from welcoming them.
Read and practisekarşılamak: welcome, cover, meet a need
A guest at the door, a bill covered, an expectation met: karşılamak connects these situations. Practise its forms and distinguish it from karşılaşmak.
Read and practiseKarşılaştırmak: compare forms, methods and results
Two drafts side by side: use karşılaştırmak to compare them, name a comparison criterion, and practise active and passive forms without claiming similarity.
Read and practisebenzemek: resemble, look or sound like
A rabbit-shaped cloud or a familiar voice: describe resemblance in Turkish, choose the dative complement, and distinguish resembling from likening.
Read and practiseyaklaşmak: approach a place, a time or an idea
A shrinking gap, an approaching meeting, a doubtful response: practise Turkish approach forms and distinguish getting closer from actually reaching a goal.
Read and practiseuzaklaşmak: move away and drift off topic
A departing ferry illustrates uzaklaşmak: describe growing distance, practise its verb forms, and keep a discussion from drifting off topic.
Read and practiseLeaving, parting and splitting: one Turkish verb
A team departure, a breakup or a fork in the road: practise Turkish verb forms, choose the complement and distinguish leaving from separating something.
Read and practiseSeparating and setting aside in Turkish
Laundry, reading time and a repair budget all call for the same Turkish verb. Practise separating, dividing and setting aside, with forms and case patterns.
Read and practisebirleşmek: to unite and converge
Converging paths and teams with a common goal both use this verb. Practise Turkish forms for coming together, naming a partner and reaching a shared view.
Read and practisebirleştirmek: combine and join things
Two files become one: practise birleştirmek, combine materials or ideas, and distinguish joining things from things coming together.
Read and practisepaylaşmak: share resources, information and opinions
Shared costs and shared opinions use the same Turkish verb. Practise paylaşmak, distinguish agreement from disclosure, and say whom you share with.
Read and practiseİlgilenmek: take an interest and attend to something
Ceramics as an interest, seedlings as a responsibility: ilgilenmek covers both. Practise its forms, its ile complement and the subject you are interested in.
Read and practiseEndure, lean, be based on: one Turkish verb
A wall, unbearable noise, evidence: use one Turkish verb across three contexts, practise its forms and distinguish not enduring from being unable to endure.
Read and practiseÇözmek: solve a problem, untie a knot
A stubborn knot and a difficult problem both take çözmek. Practise çözerim and çözeceğim, and distinguish solving a problem from finding a solution to it.
Read and practisegerçekleşmek: take place or come true
A meeting takes place; a dream comes true. Use gerçekleşmek for both, practise its forms, and keep the event as the subject rather than the object.
Read and practiseGerçekleştirmek: carry out and make happen
From a plan on paper to a finished project: gerçekleştirmek names the action that makes it happen. Practise its forms and contrast it with gerçekleşmek.
Read and practiseOluşmak: arise, take shape, consist of
A crack appears, an idea takes shape, a team consists of four people: practise oluşmak, its verb forms and the contrast with creating something.
Read and practiseoluşturmak: create, form and constitute
A study group, a warm atmosphere or an obstacle: use the Turkish verb for creating a result, practise its forms and distinguish it from forming on its own.
Read and practiseSağlamak: provide resources, ensure results
A workshop offering space and a lid preventing spills both illustrate sağlamak: practise its forms and distinguish a resource from an ensured outcome.
Read and practiseGerektirmek: what a task requires
Patience, extra work or an early start: gerektirmek names what a task calls for. Practise its forms and distinguish requiring something from being necessary.
Read and practisegerekmek: what needs doing, and when
Whose action is necessary? Use gerekmek to place a need in the present, past or future, and distinguish not needing to act from needing not to act.
Read and practiseZorlamak: force an action, put under strain
Pressure to decide and a stretched budget both call for zorlamak. Practise its forms, mark who is affected, and connect the action someone is forced to take.
Read and practisezorlanmak: have difficulty doing something
A steep hill or two similar sounds can cause difficulty: use zorlanmak, practise its forms and distinguish struggling to do something from being forced to do it.
Read and practiseyetmek: having enough, being sufficient
A pot of soup can feed everyone, while a shelf can run out of room: use yetmek to judge sufficiency, name who benefits and say when an action is enough.
Read and practiseBaşarmak: succeed in doing something
A task finally accomplished: use başarmak with a specific object or an action, practise its forms, and distinguish success from simply starting.
Read and practisedüzenlemek: arrange materials and organize events
From archive files to exhibitions, düzenlemek gives things a workable order. Practise its forms, passive uses and the difference between organizing and correcting.
Read and practisedüzeltmek: correct a mistake, straighten something
A typo or a crooked picture calls for düzeltmek. Practise its forms, identify what gets corrected, and distinguish an action from a change of state.
Read and practisekıskanmak: envy and jealousy
Someone else’s courage, patience or success can prompt kıskanmak. Practise its forms, accusative objects and the difference between envy and jealousy in context.
Read and practisebağırmak: shouting and making yourself heard
A raised voice can express excitement or anger. Use bağırmak with a dative recipient, compare bağırırım and bağıracağım, and say “without shouting”.
Read and practiseuğraşmak: spend effort, work on, bother
Pottery, repairs and stubborn knots: use uğraşmak for what takes your time and effort, practise its forms, and recognise when it means bothering someone.
Read and practiseeklemek: adding something to something else
From soup to a guest list, eklemek links what you add to its destination. Practise ekliyoruz, ekledik and the dative in original Turkish examples.
Read and practisekaydetmek: save a file or record a sound
A saved document and a recorded sound both use kaydetmek. Learn why kaydediyorum has d but kaydettik has tt, then give a clear negative command.
Read and practiseindirmek: bring down, drop off or download
A map downloaded to your phone and boxes taken off a shelf use indirmek. Practise its forms and distinguish it from getting off yourself with inmek.
Read and practiseyüklemek: load a vehicle or upload a file
Boxes go onto a truck; photos go onto a website. Use yüklemek for loading and uploading, practise yüklüyoruz, and follow the direction of a transfer.
Read and practiseçıkarmak: take out, take off and subtract
A book comes out of a bag and a coat comes off: practise çıkarmak, its object and source endings, and the contrast with leaving a room yourself.
Read and practiseduymak: hearing sounds and news
Duyuyorum describes hearing; duyamıyorum explains a bad connection. Learn duymak with sounds, news, tense forms and three focused exercises.
Read and practisedokunmak: touching with the dative
Ekrana dokunmak means touching the screen. Learn why dokunmak takes a dative complement, then practise past forms and polite negative instructions.
Read and practiseasmak: hanging laundry, pictures and notices
Asmak places an object on a support: çamaşır asmak, duvara asmak. Practise the past astık, dative destinations and the future asacağız.
Read and practisetakmak: putting on and fitting accessories
Takmak covers glasses, ties, seat belts and fitted parts. Practise takıyorum, taktık and destinations such as prize through original Turkish examples.
Read and practisesökmek: taking parts off and undoing seams
Sökmek means removing something attached or taking it apart. Learn söküyoruz and söktük through shelves, table legs, screws and a seam.
Read and practisedüşürmek: dropping objects and lowering levels
Düşürmek can describe a dropped phone or a reduced price. Practise düşürdüm, düşürüyoruz and the object ending in telefonumu with clear contrasts.
Read and practiseyanmak: burning and lights being on
Yanmak describes what burns or glows: a lamp, a candle or overcooked food. Learn yanıyor and yandı, and distinguish a lit light from switching it on.
Read and practiseyakmak: lighting, switching on and burning something
Yakmak names the action that makes a candle burn or a light come on. Practise yaktık and yakıyorum, and separate an action from its result.
Read and practiseyetişmek: catching up and arriving in time
Yetişmek adds the idea of making it in time or catching up. Learn yetiştim, yetişeceğiz and dative destinations through transport and meeting examples.
Read and practiseyetiştirmek: growing, training and finishing in time
Yetiştirmek links a grower to plants or a worker to a deadline. Learn yetiştiriyoruz, yetiştirdik and öğlene with cultivation and completion examples.
Read and practisebüyümek: growing and growing up
Büyüdüm tells where you grew up; büyüyor describes growth now. Practise plants, childhood and future size with original examples and tense exercises.
Read and practisebüyütmek: enlarging things and raising children
Text too small on a screen? Use büyütmek to enlarge it. Learn object forms, the past büyüttük and future plans through photos, gardens and family examples.
Read and practisedonmak: freezing and feeling very cold
Frozen water and freezing hands use donmak in different ways. Learn dondu, donacak and the negative donmadı through original winter examples and practice.
Read and practisedondurmak: freezing food as an action
Peas, strawberries and soup give dondurmak a clear object. Practise freezing something, past actions and the instruction dondurma: do not freeze it.
Read and practiseerimek: melting and dissolving
Ice melts, and sugar dissolves: Turkish uses erimek for both. Learn eriyor, eridi and eriyecek with food and weather examples and explained practice.
Read and practiseeritmek: making something melt or dissolve
Chocolate in a pot gives eritmek an object. Learn the double t in erittik, polite eritin and the difference between causing melting and simply melting.
Read and practiseısınmak: getting warm and warming up
A room gets warm, and athletes warm up: both can use ısınmak. Practise dotless ı, ısındık and the distinction from heating something with ısıtmak.
Read and practiseısıtmak: heating food and rooms
Soup, milk and a cold room need an object with ısıtmak. Practise ısıtıyorum, the double t in ısıttı and future plans without confusing them with ısınmak.
Read and practisesoğumak: cooling down and turning cold
Soup cools and the weather turns cold with soğumak. Practise soğuyor, soğudu and soğuyacak, and distinguish a temperature change from the adjective soğuk.
Read and practisesoğutmak: cooling drinks, food and rooms
Lemonade in the fridge and an open window show who or what cools something. Practise soğutmak, soğuttuk and the object pattern that differs from soğumak.
Read and practiseacıkmak: getting hungry and keeping the stem k
Getting hungry before lunch? Use acıkmak to describe the change, choose present, past and future forms, and keep its stem k in vowel endings.
Read and practisesusamak: thirst, tense and a misleading shared form
Thirst on a journey: learn susamak, recognise the vowel change in susuyorum, and distinguish susadım from the silence verb sustum.
Read and practisedoymak: having enough to eat
Enough soup or still hungry? Describe becoming full with doymak, politely decline more food and practise the negative future doymayacağız.
Read and practiseesnemek: yawning and stretching materials
A yawn or elastic stretching? Read the context of esnemek, form esniyorum correctly and distinguish bodily action from a material changing shape.
Read and practisehapşırmak: describing a sneeze
Sneezed twice or about to sneeze? Conjugate hapşırmak, keep the dotless ı in its stem and distinguish sneezing from coughing with clear examples.
Read and practiseöksürmek: coughing now, before and no longer
Coughing now or no longer coughing? Use öksürmek with time expressions and see why the negative past is öksürmedi, despite positive öksürdü.
Read and practiseterlemek: sweating and fogged glass
Sweat on a walk, mist on a mirror: use terlemek in both contexts and practise the vowel change between terliyorum, terledim and terleyeceğim.
Read and practiseüşümek: feeling cold in a place
Cold in a room or at a stop? Say how you feel with üşümek, name the place and practise present üşüyorum, past üşüdük and future üşüyeceksiniz.
Read and practisetitremek: trembling hands and vibrating objects
Hands trembling, a phone vibrating: choose the meaning of titremek from its subject and practise titriyor, titredim and titreyeceğiz in context.
Read and practisenefes almak: breathing as a two-word verb
A breath before speaking: learn nefes almak as two written words, conjugate only almak and distinguish breathing in from nefes vermek, breathing out.
Read and practisegiyinmek: getting dressed and dressing warmly
Getting ready before breakfast: use giyinmek for dressing, learn kalın and şık giyinmek, and distinguish the usual garment-specific verb giymek.
Read and practisesoyunmak: getting undressed and changing clothes
Changing clothes after exercise: use soyunmak for getting undressed, recognise soyunma odası and choose çıkarmak when naming one garment.
Read and practisetaramak: combing hair and scanning documents
Use taramak with hair and documents: learn tarıyorum, taradık and tarayacağım, choose the right tool and practise three tenses.
Read and practisetaranmak: combing your own hair
Talk about combing your own hair with taranmak, compare saçımı taramak and recognise the passive meaning when hair is the subject.
Read and practiseyıkanmak: washing yourself and things being washed
Describe washing yourself with yıkanmak and recognise its passive meaning with clothes and dishes; compare yıkadım and yıkandım in context.
Read and practisekurulanmak: drying yourself with a towel
Describe drying yourself after swimming or showering with kurulanmak; practise havluyla, the washing sequence and three tense forms.
Read and practisekurulamak: drying dishes, hands and surfaces
Use kurulamak to dry dishes, hands and wet surfaces; form kuruluyorum, kuruladık and kurulayacağım and contrast drying yourself.
Read and practiseuyandırmak: waking someone else up
Wake someone with uyandırmak: mark the person as beni, seni or babamı, contrast uyanmak and practise requests and three tense forms.
Read and practiseuyutmak: helping someone fall asleep
Distinguish uyumak from uyutmak: name who falls asleep and who helps, practise uyutuyorum and uyuttuk, and use the object ending.
Read and practiseuzanmak: lying down, reaching and extending
Read uzanmak through context: lie down on a sofa, reach for a book or describe a road stretching to the sea; practise dative targets.
Read and practiseeğilmek: bending down and bowing
Describe bending down, ducking through a doorway and bowing with eğilmek; learn eğiliyorum, eğildik and eğileceğim in context.
Read and practisedoğrulmak: straightening up and sitting up
Use doğrulmak for straightening up in a chair, sitting up in bed or rising after a bow; distinguish the movement from standing up.
Read and practisezıplamak: jumping, hopping and bouncing
Use zıplamak for people jumping, a dog hopping and a ball bouncing; learn zıplıyorum, zıpladık and zıplayacağım with translated examples.
Read and practiseatlamak: jumping and skipping an item
Learn atlamak in jump-rope, obstacle and reading contexts; distinguish jumping from skipping a question, section or meal using its objects.
Read and practisetırmanmak: climbing with destinations and routes
Use tırmanmak for hills, trees and rising prices; compare dağa as a destination with yokuşu as a route and practise three tense forms.
Read and practisekaymak: sliding, slipping and skating
Understand kaymak in skating, slides, a slipping foot and moving over on a seat; learn kayıyorum, kaydık and kayacağım in context.
Read and practisekaydırmak: moving objects and scrolling pages
Use kaydırmak to slide a table, scroll a page or shift a meeting time; contrast kaydı with kaydırdım and practise objects and directions.
Read and practisesürmek: driving, spreading and lasting
Understand sürmek with cars, bicycles, butter and duration; distinguish who drives from what lasts and practise sürüyorum, sürdük and süreceğim.
Read and practisefrenlemek: braking and holding something back
Describe braking with frenlemek, distinguish it from coming to a complete stop and recognise its figurative use for curbing shopping.
Read and practiseçarpmak: multiplying, bumping and beating
Use çarpmak for multiplication, a bump or a beating heart; compare beşi dörtle and pencereye, and learn the past consonants in çarptık.
Read and practiseçarpışmak: colliding with each other
Describe mutual collisions with çarpışmak, name a partner with seninle or biriyle, and distinguish çarptı from çarpıştı in clear examples.
Read and practisegeçirmek: spending time and passing something through
Spend an evening or afternoon with geçirmek, compare zaman geçti with günü geçirdik and recognise experience and passing-through contexts.
Read and practisegeçinmek: getting along and making ends meet
Use geçinmek for getting along with neighbours and living on an income; interpret -le by context and distinguish the verb from geçirmek.
Read and practisedönüşmek: turning into something else
Describe a warehouse becoming a library, rain turning to snow and a room changing use; mark the result with the dative in dönüşmek sentences.
Read and practisedönüştürmek: turning one thing into another
Turn bottles into vases, a room into a study and notes into a report with dönüştürmek; mark the original object and the resulting form.
Read and practisekaldırmak: lifting, raising and removing
Use kaldırmak with a box, a raised hand and items removed from a wall or list; distinguish lifting from carrying and practise three tenses.
Read and practiseoturtmak: seating someone and fitting parts
Learn oturtmak for seating guests and fitting a lid into place; contrast oturmak and practise object, destination and tense forms.
Read and practisesallanmak: swinging, swaying and wobbling
Use sallanmak for hammocks, branches and a wobbly table; distinguish motion from causing motion and practise three useful tense forms.
Read and practisesallamak: shaking, waving and rocking
Learn sallamak with a bottle, a waving hand and a cradle; recognise the object, contrast sallanmak and practise three tense forms.
Read and practiseyuvarlanmak: rolling and tumbling
Learn yuvarlanmak with balls, apples and coins; identify what rolls, contrast sliding and practise source, destination and three tenses.
Read and practiseyuvarlamak: rolling objects and rounding numbers
Use yuvarlamak for rolling a ball, shaping dough and rounding numbers; distinguish yuvarlanmak and practise three contextual tense forms.
Read and practisedoğramak: chopping and cutting into pieces
Learn doğramak with onion, soup vegetables and parsley; describe cut size, distinguish cutting from cooking and practise three tenses.
Read and practisesoymak: peeling fruit and vegetables
Learn soymak through potatoes, oranges, garlic and a peeler; recognise specific objects and practise soyuyorum, soyduk and soyacağım.
Read and practisekızartmak: frying food and toasting bread
Learn kızartmak with potatoes, peppers and toast; distinguish frying from other cooking methods and practise its double-t past form.
Read and practisekaynamak: when water or soup boils
Learn kaynamak with water, soup and milk; identify the boiling subject, distinguish hot from boiling and practise kaynıyor and kaynayacak.
Read and practisekaynatmak: bringing liquids to the boil
Learn kaynatmak with tea water, milk and soup; contrast kaynamak, distinguish heating from boiling and practise kaynattım with double t.
Read and practisehaşlamak: cooking food in boiling water
Learn haşlamak with eggs, potatoes and pasta; distinguish cooking food in water from boiling the water itself and practise three tenses.
Read and practiseyoğurmak: kneading dough and modelling clay
Learn yoğurmak with bread dough, pizza dough and modelling clay; distinguish kneading from mixing and practise three useful tense forms.
Read and practiseezmek: mashing, crushing and squashing
Learn ezmek with potatoes, garlic, avocado and a crushed box; name the tool, contrast slicing and practise three useful tense forms.
Read and practiseserpmek: sprinkling and scattering
Learn serpmek with mint, sugar, sesame and seeds; name the receiving surface and practise serpiyorum, serptik and serpeceğim.
Read and practisesüzmek: straining and draining food
Learn süzmek with pasta, tea, stock and yogurt; name the strainer, identify the part you keep and practise three useful tense forms.
Read and practisefırınlamak: baking and roasting in the oven
Learn fırınlamak with potatoes, vegetables, fish and cheese; distinguish oven cooking from frying and practise three contextual tenses.
Read and practisetatmak: tasting and trying a small amount
Learn tatmak with soup, cheese and dessert; contrast tasting with eating, distinguish tadıyorum from tattım and describe a pleasant taste.
Read and practisekoklamak: smelling and sniffing something
Learn koklamak with mint, roses, coffee and soap; identify the smelling subject, contrast kokmak and practise three contextual tense forms.
Read and practisekokmak: giving off a scent
Learn kokmak with lemon soap, cinnamon and rain-soaked soil; describe pleasant or bad smells, contrast koklamak and practise three tenses.
Read and practisetartmak: weighing food, parcels and luggage
Learn tartmak with flour, parcels, apples and a suitcase; distinguish the weighing action from its result and practise the past tarttım.
Read and practiseölçmek: measuring size and temperature
Learn ölçmek with tables, rooms, windows and water temperature; name the property and tool, contrast tartmak and practise three tenses.
Read and practiseütülemek: ironing clothes and linen
Learn ütülemek with shirts, trousers and a tablecloth; recognise ütü yapmak, distinguish ironing from folding and practise three tenses.
Read and practisekatlamak: folding objects and doubling amounts
Learn katlamak with towels, letters and paper; distinguish folding in half from doubling production and practise three tense forms.
Read and practisesarmak: wrap gifts, scarves and cables
Learn sarmak through wrapping gifts, protecting glasses and coiling a cable; practise objects, wrapping materials and three tenses.
Read and practisebağlamak: tie, fasten and connect
Learn bağlamak with shoelaces, seat belts, printers and telephone calls; distinguish what you connect from what you connect it to.
Read and practisebağlanmak: connect to a network or meeting
Learn bağlanmak for networks, online classes and meetings; compare connecting yourself or a device with actively connecting another object.
Read and practiseçözülmek: come undone or be solved
Learn çözülmek with knots, shoelaces and solved questions; practise passive subjects, three tenses and henüz çözülmedi for unresolved problems.
Read and practisekilitlemek: lock a door, bicycle or screen
Learn kilitlemek with doors, cupboards, bicycles and phone screens; distinguish closing from locking and practise three tense forms.
Read and practiseyerleşmek: settle in and take your place
Learn yerleşmek for a new room, a student residence and a bus seat; practise destinations and distinguish settling in from merely staying.
Read and practiseyerleştirmek: place objects and accommodate guests
Learn yerleştirmek with shelves, cupboards, albums and guest rooms; identify the person placing, the object placed and its destination.
Read and practiseonarmak: repair objects and damaged structures
Learn onarmak with a toy, chair, bag, bicycle and bridge; distinguish repairing an existing object from replacing it and practise three tenses.
Read and practisesilkelemek: shake out cloth and shake off dirt
Learn silkelemek with mats, picnic blankets, snow and sand; distinguish shaking a cloth from shaking material off it and practise three tenses.
Read and practiseçalkalamak: shake liquids and rinse containers
Learn çalkalamak with dressing, ayran, jars and glasses; distinguish mixing by shaking from rinsing out a container with water.
Read and practiseçevirmek: turn objects and translate text
Learn çevirmek with pages, keys, cards and translations; practise the source language with -dan and the target language with the dative.
Read and practiseselamlamak: greet people with words or gestures
Learn selamlamak with neighbours, guests, audiences and classes; compare its direct object with the dative pattern in selam vermek.
Read and practiseuğurlamak: see guests and travellers off
Learn uğurlamak at the door, station and school departure; distinguish seeing someone off from travelling with them and practise three tenses.
Read and practisetanıtmak: introduce yourself, people and projects
Learn tanıtmak with self-introductions, projects, a city and a museum; identify who is introduced to whom and distinguish tanımak and tanışmak.
Read and practiseönermek: recommend an item or suggest an action
Learn önermek with books, cafés, dictionaries, meeting times and breaks; practise recipients, specific objects and suggesting an action.
Read and practisekabul etmek: accept offers and acknowledge mistakes
Learn kabul etmek with offers, invitations, assignments and mistakes; practise its two-word spelling and distinguish accepting from considering.
Read and practisereddetmek: refuse offers and decline invitations
Learn reddetmek with offers, invitations, assignments and applications; practise its joined spelling and distinguish refusal from asking for time.
Read and practiseitiraz etmek: object to a plan or detail
Learn itiraz etmek with plans, dates, changes and charges; practise the dative target and distinguish a specific objection from rejecting everything.
Read and practiseikna etmek: persuade someone to act
Learn ikna etmek with team plans, walks and reading groups; distinguish persuading someone, trying to persuade and being convinced yourself.
Read and practiseşikâyet etmek: complain about a problem to someone
Learn şikâyet etmek with noise, delivery delays, food and waiting times; distinguish what you complain about from whom you complain to.
Read and practiseözür dilemek: apologize to someone for something
Learn özür dilemek with delays, noise, interruptions and wrong addresses; identify who apologizes to whom and give a clear reason with için.
Read and practisefark etmek: notice something or make a difference
Learn fark etmek with photo details, report errors and everyday choices; distinguish noticing something from fark etmez when either option is fine.
Read and practisehayal etmek: imagine a scene or dream of a future
Use hayal etmek for imagined rooms, places and future wishes; practise six scenes, verb forms and the difference between imagining and planning.
Read and practisetahmin etmek: estimate, predict and guess
Learn tahmin etmek for travel time, weight and uncertain answers; use six examples to separate an estimate from a measurement or a known fact.
Read and practisekarar vermek: decide to do something in Turkish
Make decisions with karar vermek and action endings -maya/-meye; contrast not deciding yet with deciding not to act in six everyday examples.
Read and practiseplanlamak: plan a schedule or intend to act
Practise planlamak with weekly schedules, trips and breaks; learn planlıyorum and action endings while distinguishing a plan from a completed booking.
Read and practisehesaplamak: calculate totals and amounts per person
Calculate everyday totals with hesaplamak; practise travel costs, a simple multiplication and a corrected result, with forms and explained exercises.
Read and practiseincelemek: examine details, reports and applications
Use incelemek to examine a map, product or report closely; learn its object pattern and why an application under examination is not yet accepted.
Read and practisearaştırmak: research a topic or investigate a cause
Explore araştırmak through local history, transport choices and a delayed event; practise its forms and distinguish research from simply searching or calling.
Read and practisesorgulamak: question a claim, source or assumption
Practise sorgulamak with sources, assumptions and methods; distinguish critical questioning from an ordinary question or an immediate rejection.
Read and practisedeğerlendirmek: evaluate or put something to good use
Learn two uses of değerlendirmek: assess options with criteria and put time or objects to good use; practise six contexts and three explained forms.
Read and practiseözetlemek: summarize a text or meeting
Summarize with özetlemek using texts, meetings and chapters; learn özetliyorum and preserve the main information instead of merely making a text shorter.
Read and practiseyorumlamak: interpret results, images and messages
Interpret graphs, story endings and messages with yorumlamak; practise as-constructions and correct a misunderstanding while separating interpretation from summary.
Read and practisehatırlatmak: remind someone of a task or memory
Use hatırlatmak for meetings, deadlines and childhood memories; learn who receives the reminder and distinguish reminding someone from remembering yourself.
Read and practiseezberlemek: memorize words, poems and speeches
Learn ezberlemek with short poems, new words and speech notes; distinguish memorizing from understanding and practise saying something from memory.
Read and practisetekrarlamak: repeat a word, exercise or mistake
Practise tekrarlamak with classroom speech, repeated exercises and mistakes; ask politely for repetition and distinguish repeating from memorizing.
Read and practiseçalıştırmak: run a program or start a machine
Learn çalıştırmak through programs, printers and washing machines; distinguish starting a device from saying it is working, with six translated examples.
Read and practiseaçılmak: a door, shop or file opens
Learn açılmak through doors, bookshops, exhibitions and files; distinguish an opening event from the state açık and from someone opening an object.
Read and practisekapanmak: doors, shops and apps close
Use kapanmak for moving doors, closing hours and apps; distinguish closing from being kapalı, and avoid assuming every shop closure is permanent.
Read and practisedolmak: containers, rooms and storage fill up
Learn dolmak with buckets, bottles, a hall and phone storage; distinguish becoming full from filling something and from the state expressed by dolu.
Read and practisebitmek: an event ends or a supply runs out
Learn bitmek with lessons, films, homework and bread running out; distinguish an ending event from someone finishing a task, using six examples.
Read and practise