ev: house and home with every ending
Why ev keeps its v and takes front-vowel endings (evler, evde, evim), and how eve and evde come to mean going home and being at home.
Read and practiseAdventure journal
Turkish nouns
Learn each noun with its plural, case and possessive forms, then use it in short sentences.
Adventure journal
Turkish nouns
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kitap (book): kitabım, kitaba, kitapta
The p at the end of kitap turns into b in kitabım and kitaba but stays in kitapta and kitaplar: see every form and which endings cause the change.
Read and practisesu (water): suyu, suyun, suya and the y
Learn how the noun su takes its endings: why it is suya and suyu with a y, why the genitive is suyun and not sunun, and which forms stay plain, as in suda and sudan.
Read and practiseekmek: bread and the k that turns into ğ
Why bread is ekmeği and ekmeğim but ekmekler and ekmekte: the final k softens to ğ only before a vowel, shown on one everyday noun.
Read and practisearaba: the car and its endings
Why araba becomes arabayı and arabaya but arabam and arabası: how a noun ending in a vowel handles every case and possessive ending.
Read and practiseokul: school, with every ending it takes
Learn how okul (school) takes plural, possessive and case endings, as in okullar, okulum, okulda and okula, and why okulu can mean two different things.
Read and practisearkadaş: the word for friend and its endings
Why arkadaş takes -ta and -tan instead of -da and -dan, why its ş never changes, and how plural, possessive and case endings stack: arkadaşlarımızdan.
Read and practiseçay: tea and its endings
The noun çay (tea) with the plural, accusative, dative, locative, ablative and possessive endings, and why it is çaya and çayı, never çayya.
Read and practisekedi (cat): kedim, kediye, kedisi
Kedim, kediye, kediyi or kedisi? See how a noun ending in i adds y, n or s before a vowel ending, why it is never kediim, and every case and possessive form.
Read and practisemasa (table): masaya, masayı, masası
Where does the y in masaya and masayı come from? See how the noun masa (table) takes every common ending after its final vowel, and why masası is not masayı.
Read and practiseoda (room): odada, odaya, odası, oda da
Odada or oda da? One written word means 'in the room', the other 'the room too'. Plus every ending of oda, with the buffers y and s: odaya, odayı, odası.
Read and practisepara: money and its endings
Param yok, Para biriktiriyorum, Parayı bıraktım: how para (money) takes -ya, -yı, -m and -sı, and when a general sum stays bare.
Read and practiseşehir (city): şehre, şehri, şehrimiz
Şehrim, not şehirim: the i of şehir drops before an ending that starts with a vowel (şehri, şehre, şehrimiz) but stays in şehirde, şehirden and şehirler.
Read and practisekapı (door): kapıyı, kapıya, kapısı
Words that end in a vowel need a joining y or n: see why kapı becomes kapıya and kapıyı, but kapısına, with every form in one table.
Read and practisepencere (window): pencereye, pencereden, penceresi
Pencereye or pencereden? Looking at a window and looking out of it use different cases; see every ending of pencere (window) with front-vowel harmony.
Read and practisesokak (street): sokağa, sokakta, sokaklar
Sokakta or sokağta? Build the forms of sokak (street), see why the k becomes ğ before vowels only, and how a street name like Gül Sokağı'nda takes its endings.
Read and practiseyol: road, way, and the endings it takes
Road, way or route: see how yol takes plural, possessive and case endings (yollar, yolum, yolda, yoldan) and how to say “the road to school” in Turkish.
Read and practiseotobüs: bus, and why it takes -te and -ten
Otobüste or otobüsde? See why the final s of otobüs (bus) calls for -te and -ten, never softens, and why you board otobüse.
Read and practiseçocuk (child): çocuğa, çocukta, çocukları
Does çocukları mean the children or their child? See how çocuk (child) softens its k, which endings fit, and why the same spelling can mean different things.
Read and practiseanne: mother, my mother, to her mother
Anneyi, annesini, annesinden: follow anne through the cases, the plural and the possessives, and see where the joining letters y and n appear.
Read and practisekardeş (sibling): kardeşim, kardeşte, kardeşten
One word covers brother and sister: kardeş. See its plural, possessive and case forms, and why the ş turns -de into -te in kardeşte and kardeşten.
Read and practiseöğretmen: teacher, and the ending that means two things
Öğretmenim can mean “my teacher” or “I am a teacher”. See how öğretmen, a noun ending in n with a front last vowel, takes -ler, -e, -de, -den and -imiz.
Read and practisedoktor (doctor): doktorum, doktora, doktordan
Doktorum can mean my doctor or I am a doctor. See how doktor takes plural, possessive and case endings after its back vowel o, with no softening.
Read and practisetelefon (phone): telefonlar, telefonda, telefonum
Why does telefon, with an e at the start, take -lar and -da instead of -ler and -de? Build its plural, possessive and case forms and the phrase telefonla.
Read and practiseçanta (bag): çantam, çantayı, çantasında
Çantam, çantan, çantası: see how a word ending in -a takes possessives without an extra vowel, and why the case ending comes after them (çantamda).
Read and practiseayakkabı: shoes, my shoes, in the shoe
Two pairs, one noun: build ayakkabı with -lar, -yı, -ya, -da and -dan, and see why it stays singular after a number and why kk stays double.
Read and practisegömlek: shirt, gömleğim and gömlekte
Gömleğim or gömlekim? Choose the ending for a shirt you wear, iron or sew, and see why gömlek softens before vowels but stays in gömlekte and gömlekler.
Read and practiseyemek: meal, dish and akşam yemeği
Akşam yemeği or akşam yemek? See why dinner needs the -i of a compound, how yemek becomes yemeği, yemeğe and yemeğin, and why the plural stays yemekler.
Read and practisesüt (milk): sütü, süte, sütten
Sütte, not südde: milk keeps its hard t before every ending, while the vowel turns round in sütü, sütüm and sütümüzden. Every common form of süt in one table.
Read and practisepeynir: cheese and its endings
Peyniri or peynir? See how cheese takes its endings without changing, and when the object needs -i and when the bare word is right.
Read and practiseelma (apple): elma yedim, elmayı yedim
Elma yedim or elmayı yedim? See when the noun elma (apple) takes the accusative, why it stays singular after a number, and how elma suyu and elmalı are built.
Read and practisehava: weather, air and its endings
Bugün hava güzel: hava means both weather and air, with no word for “it”. See havada, havaya, havası, havalar and the phrase hava almak.
Read and practisezaman (time): zamanım, zamanda, zamanında
Saat kaç? is not zaman kaç. Build zamanım, zamanda and zamanında, and see why clock time is saat, counted times are kez, and zaman never softens.
Read and practiseiş (work): işe, işte, işten
Going to work, being at work, coming home from it: işe, işte, işten. See why iş takes -te and -ten after its voiceless ş, and what işte means when it starts a sentence.
Read and practiseyer (place): yerde, yerim, yerinde
Yerde means on the floor, yerinde means in its place: build every form of yer (place) and see why an n appears after the possessive -i.
Read and practisegün: day, günü, günde, günler
Cuma günü, not cuma günde: build the forms of gün (day) with plural, possessive and cases, and see why days of the week take the ending -ü.
Read and practisekomşu: neighbour, neighbours and whose neighbour
Komşuyu or komşusu? A single consonant separates the neighbour you wait for from someone’s neighbour. Build the cases, plural and possessive forms of komşu.
Read and practiseA guest in Turkish: cases and possession
Welcoming a guest starts with choosing the right ending: practise cases, plurals and possessives, including the difference between a guest and someone’s guest.
Read and practisemüşteri: a customer, the customer, your customer
Müşteriyi or müşterisi? Keep the final i of müşteri and choose the form for a customer you call, a customer’s bag, or customers who buy from you.
Read and practisePatron: boss, cases and possession
Whose boss is waiting? Use patron, patronu and patronunu in workplace sentences, with a table of case, plural and possessive forms.
Read and practiseişçi: worker, case forms and possession
İşçim or işçiyim? One means “my worker”, the other “I am a worker”. Follow işçi through its cases, plural and possessives with workplace examples.
Read and practisememur: civil servant, cases and possessives
Memura or posta memuruna? Work through the cases and possessives of memur, keep the stem intact, and build memurlarımız with the right vowel.
Read and practiseHasta: patient, cases and possession
Hastayı or hastası? Follow a patient through Turkish case and possessive forms, including hastasına, and distinguish “my patient” from “I am ill”.
Read and practiseLawyer: cases and possession in Turkish
A lawyer keeps the final consonant in Turkish: practise case forms, plurals and possession, and distinguish “my lawyer” from “I am a lawyer”.
Read and practiseMühendis: engineer, cases and possessive forms
Mühendiste has t, but mühendisi keeps s: follow the forms of “engineer”, from a drawing shown to one person to desks reserved for our engineers.
Read and practisepolis: police officer, cases and possession
One officer or several? Polis can name a person: practise polise, poliste and polisin, then connect the noun to a district with semtimizin polisi.
Read and practiseHospital in Turkish: cases, plurals and possession
A hospital on a map, a workplace or a destination: practise the Turkish noun’s case and possessive forms, including the ending in “children’s hospital”.
Read and practiseEczane: pharmacy cases and possession
Eczaneyi and eczanesi differ by one consonant but do different jobs. Practise pharmacy cases, plurals and possession, then build eczanesine.
Read and practiseBanka: bank, its cases and possessive forms
Bankaya, bankayı or bankası? Keep the final a in banka, distinguish a destination from a specific object, and say whose bank you mean.
Read and practisePostane: post office, cases and possession
At the neighbourhood post office: build postane’s case, plural and possessive forms, and distinguish postanede from mahallemizin postanesinde.
Read and practiseBelediye: municipality, cases and possessive forms
The y in belediye belongs to the stem: keep it when forming belediyeye and belediyeyi. Practise municipality forms, plurals and “our municipality’s”.
Read and practiseMüze: museum forms and art-museum compounds
A museum visit starts with müzeye; an art museum needs sanat müzesine. Build case, plural and possessive forms without losing the compound ending.
Read and practiseKütüphane: library, cases and possession
A library you like or someone’s library? Distinguish the object and possessive forms of kütüphane, then practise its cases, plural and school-library phrases.
Read and practiseAirport in Turkish: the forms of havaalanı
Airport endings hide a compound: compare havaalanına, havaalanında and havaalanları, then say “our airport” without adding an extra vowel.
Read and practiseistasyon: station forms and the metro compound
Station entrances, routes and meeting points bring Turkish noun forms into focus: practise cases, possession and plurals, then keep the ending in “metro station”.
Read and practiseHotel: Turkish cases and possessive forms
A hotel stay gives each ending a job: name your destination, collect luggage from a hotel, and distinguish a hotel from his or her hotel.
Read and practiseRestoran: restaurant, cases and possession
A restaurant changes its ending with its role: compare restorana, restoranı and onun restoranında, then practise cases, plurals and ownership.
Read and practisepazar: market forms and the Sunday trap
A market visit or a Sunday plan? Build the cases, plural and possessive forms of pazar, and use context to keep its two everyday meanings apart.
Read and practiseMağaza: shop, ownership and clothing shops
A shop of your own or a clothing shop? Build mağaza case and possessive forms, and see why giyim mağazası becomes giyim mağazasına.
Read and practiseFırın: bakery, oven and noun forms
Bakery or oven? Fırın keeps both dotless vowels in fırını and fırınım. Practise its cases, plural and possessive forms with shopping and kitchen examples.
Read and practiseGarden: Turkish cases, plural and possession
A garden gate, a patch of mint, a neighbour’s pond: practise Turkish garden forms and distinguish a specific garden from someone’s garden.
Read and practisebalkon: balcony cases and possessives
Balcony breakfasts give balkon a setting: practise balkona, balkonda and balkondan, then distinguish cleaning a balcony from decorating someone’s balcony.
Read and practiseMutfak: kitchen cases and possessives
A kitchen changes from mutfakta to mutfağımızda when it becomes ours. Practise the cases, plural and possessives, keeping k or softening it where needed.
Read and practiseBanyo: bathroom cases and possession
A bathroom door, a clean towel, two bathrooms: practise banyo in its case and possessive forms, and distinguish banyoyu from banyosu and banyosunda.
Read and practiseDuvar: wall, cases and possession
A freshly painted wall gives duvarı a clear context. Practise duvar in cases, plural and possessive forms, and distinguish duvarda from duvarında.
Read and practiseÇatı: roof, cases and possession
From çatıya to evin çatısına: describe roofs, follow the noun through its cases and possessive forms, and distinguish a roof from a room’s ceiling.
Read and practiseanahtar: key, cases and possession
A house key carries two endings in ev anahtarını. Explore the cases and possessives of anahtar, keep its stem intact, and distinguish “the key” from “their keys”.
Read and practiseTicket in Turkish: cases and possession
A ticket left at home or a date printed on it: practise ticket forms, keep the final consonant, and distinguish a specific ticket from someone’s ticket.
Read and practiseHarita: map forms and city maps
Unfold a map: practise harita in cases, plural and possessive forms, then see why “on the city map” is şehir haritasında, with an extra n.
Read and practisePhotograph in Turkish: cases and possession
A photo album makes the endings concrete: practise photograph forms, keep the final consonant, and distinguish a photo from someone’s photo.
Read and practiseNewspaper in Turkish: gazete and its forms
A newspaper on the balcony or a report in its pages: practise Turkish cases, plurals and possession, and distinguish gazeteyi from gazetesini.
Read and practiseDergi: magazine cases and possession
A magazine on your table becomes dergiyi when you read it and dergim when it is yours. Practise cases, plurals and the extra n in dergisinde.
Read and practiseMektup: letter, cases and possession
A letter in a drawer becomes mektubum when it is mine. Practise mektup in every case, build the plural, and distinguish mektubu from onun mektubunu.
Read and practisesınav: exam forms and verb partners
Taking an exam and passing it need different endings: practise sınav in cases, plurals and possessives, from sınava to sınavlarımızda.
Read and practiseders: lesson, class and possessive forms
A class on your timetable becomes derse, derste or dersten in a sentence. Build the forms of ders and distinguish studying from studying a particular lesson.
Read and practisesözlük: dictionary forms and looking up words
A dictionary search brings two forms together: sözlüğe bakmak and sözlükte aramak. Practise cases, plurals and possession without losing the k–ğ contrast.
Read and practiseSoru: a question, your question, our questions
Soruyu or soruya? Answering a question takes different endings with different verbs. Practise soru in cases, plurals and possessive forms.
Read and practiseCevap: answer, reply and noun forms
An answer changes shape in cevabı, cevapta and cevaplarımız. Practise the cases and possessives of cevap, and see why answering a question uses soruya cevap vermek.
Read and practisekelime: word, case forms and possession
A word on the board becomes kelimeyi when you read it, but kelimesini when it belongs to someone. Practise cases, plurals and possessives with kelime.
Read and practiseSentence: Turkish cases, plural and possessives
Editing a sentence gives each ending a job: practise the Turkish noun for sentence in case, plural and possessive forms, including a friend’s sentence as an object.
Read and practisehata: a mistake, its owner and its correction
A crossed-out word can reveal a mistake: practise the cases and possessives of hata, then distinguish hatayı from hatasını when correcting someone’s work.
Read and practisefikir: idea, opinion and the missing vowel
One idea becomes fikrim, several become fikirlerim. Follow fikir through cases and possession, and use the right form when you agree with someone’s idea.
Read and practisekonu: a topic and its forms
A discussion needs a topic: follow konu through cases, plurals and possessives, and distinguish choosing a topic from naming the subject of a text.
Read and practiseSorun: problem, cases and possession
Whose problem are we solving? Follow sorun through its case and possessive forms, distinguish sorunu from sorununu, and keep the n in sorunum.
Read and practiseTatil: holiday, holidays and whose holiday
Packing can wait: distinguish tatile, tatilde and tatilden, then build the plural and possessive forms of tatil to describe a holiday from departure to return.
Read and practisesağlık: health, possession and case endings
Health as a topic or someone’s health: use sağlık, sağlığa and sağlığını, distinguish possession from case, and recognise the limited role of the plural.
Read and practiseHastalık: illness, cases and possessive forms
One illness, two readings of hastalığı: use hastalık in cases, plurals and possessive forms, and tell a specific object from someone’s illness.
Read and practisePain in Turkish: cases and possessive forms
Describing a recurring pain takes more than one ending: practise the Turkish noun for pain in cases, plurals and possessives, including “his or her pain” as an object.
Read and practiseMedicine in Turkish: cases, plurals and possession
Two boxes of medicine give noun endings a purpose: describe what remains, whose medicine it is, and why Turkish changes the final consonant in some forms.
Read and practisekaza: accident, cases and possessives
An accident can be the thing you discuss or an event someone experienced. Practise the Turkish noun’s cases, plurals and possessives, including traffic accidents.
Read and practiseSigorta: insurance, cases and possession
Insurance paperwork gives sigorta a practical setting: compare its case and possessive forms, and keep the compound ending when using sağlık sigortası as an object.
Read and practiseTax in Turkish: cases, plurals and possession
A tax calculation can refer to the tax, our tax or a company’s tax. Practise the Turkish forms and distinguish a specific object from a possessive.
Read and practiseMaaş: salary, cases and possession
Payday brings maaş into focus: distinguish a salary from someone’s salary, build its case and plural forms, and explain the extra n in maaşını.
Read and practiseFatura: bill and invoice forms
A bill on the table becomes faturayı or elektrik faturasını in a sentence. Practise fatura in cases, plurals and possessives without losing the compound ending.
Read and practiseBütçe: budget, cases and possession
A project budget takes several forms in Turkish: bütçeyi, bütçeye and bütçesine. Practise cases, plural and possession without changing the stem.
Read and practiseBorç: debt, borrowing and possessive forms
Whose debt is being repaid? Follow borç through borcu, borcum and borcunu, with a case table and examples that distinguish borrowing from lending.
Read and practiseFiyat: price, cases and quoted amounts
A price on a label becomes fiyatı or fiyatını in a sentence. Keep the t in fiyat, build its case and possessive forms, and distinguish fiyata from fiyattan.
Read and practiseEkonomi: economy, cases and possession
Economiyi or ekonomisini? Follow ekonomi through case, plural and possessive forms, and distinguish the economy from a country’s economy in Turkish.
Read and practiseTicaret: trade, cases and possessive forms
Trade as an activity stays singular in Turkish. Explore ticaret, ticareti and ticaretimiz, keep the final t, and distinguish trade from individual transactions.
Read and practiseŞirket: company, cases and possession
Şirkete or şirketine? Follow a company through proposals and replies, keep its final t, and distinguish case endings from possession and noun compounds.
Read and practiseToplantı: meeting, attendance and noun forms
Attending or postponing a meeting changes toplantı to toplantıya or toplantıyı. Practise its cases, plural and possessives in workplace sentences.
Read and practiseBaşvuru: application, cases and possession
Başvuruyu or başvurusu? Follow a workshop application through Turkish cases, plurals and possessives, and keep the applicant visible in başvurusunu.
Read and practiseBelge: document forms and ownership
Belgeyi names the document you scan; belgesini keeps its owner in view. Practise cases, plurals and possessives through files, notes and missing pages.
Read and practiseEhliyet: driving licence and its forms
A driving licence in a drawer brings Turkish endings into focus: practise cases, plurals and possession, and distinguish ehliyeti from ehliyetini.
Read and practiseKimlik: an ID card, an identity, and their forms
A card in your wallet or a sense of identity: follow kimlik through its cases and possessives, and distinguish kimliği from kimliğini in a sentence.
Read and practisevize: visa forms and the phrase vize başvurusu
Visa or visa application? Follow vize through cases, plurals and possession, and keep the extra ending in vize başvurusu when naming an application.
Read and practiseSınır: borders, boundaries and limits
A line on a map and a budget ceiling can both be sınır. Build its case and possessive forms, and distinguish sınırı from sınırını in a sentence.
Read and practiseHükûmet: government and its noun forms
Hükûmetin açıklaması links a government to its statement. Practise cases, plurals and possession, keep the final t, and notice the spelling with û.
Read and practiseDevlet: state, cases and possession
Devleti keeps its t: explore the Turkish word for state through fictional settings, case forms, plurals and possession, without confusing it with government.
Read and practiseSeçim: election, choice and possessive forms
An election and a personal choice share the noun seçim. Practise its cases and possessives, and see why “their choice” needs another ending when it is the object.
Read and practiseHak: a right, an entitlement or an attempt
A right or one more attempt? Follow hak through hakkım, hakkı and haklarımız, with case and possessive forms and the difference between having a right and being right.
Read and practiseÖzgürlük: freedom, cases and possession
Freedom as an idea or a personal choice: use özgürlük in cases, plural and possessive forms, and distinguish özgürüm from özgürlüğüm.
Read and practisekanun: law, its cases and possessive forms
A law’s title reveals the job of an ending: distinguish kanunu from kanunun, then practise cases, plurals and possession with original Turkish examples.
Read and practisemahkeme: court, cases and possessives
A court in a fictional town gives mahkeme its context: compare mahkemeyi with mahkemesini, then practise case, plural and possessive forms.
Read and practisesuç: crime, fault and noun forms
A crime in a novel and a delay blamed on someone both use suç. Practise its cases and possessives, keeping ç in suçu, suça and suçum.
Read and practisetoplum: society, its cases and possessives
A society contains many people, but the Turkish noun stays singular. Practise society forms, compare separate societies and describe the society you belong to.
Read and practiseKültür: culture, cases and noun compounds
Food culture gives this noun two layers of endings. Practise Turkish culture words in cases, plural and possessive forms, and keep the compound ending when adding a case.
Read and practiseTradition in Turkish: cases, plurals and possession
Keeping a family tradition alive gives Turkish noun endings a purpose: practise cases, plural and possessive forms, including the extra consonant before a case ending.
Read and practisetarih: history, dates and noun forms
A museum’s past and a meeting date both use tarih. Practise its cases, plurals and possessives, and distinguish tarihi from tarihini in a full sentence.
Read and practiseEdebiyat: literature, cases and literary traditions
Literary traditions give edebiyat a meaningful plural. Practise its cases and possessives, keep its final t, and build Türk edebiyatında correctly.
Read and practiseŞair: the poet and the possessive form
A poet or a poem? Keep şair distinct from şiir, explore its case and possessive forms, and see why bu şairi becomes derginin şairini.
Read and practiseNovel in Turkish: cases and possession
A novel’s ending can change your interpretation. Discuss novels in Turkish with case and possessive forms, and distinguish a particular novel from its author’s novel.
Read and practisehikâye: a story, its owner and its endings
A story gains an owner in hikâyesi and becomes an object in hikâyesini. Practise hikâye in cases, plural and possessive forms with original literary examples.
Read and practiseTiyatro: theatre, cases and possession
A theatre has a stage; a play has a plot. Build tiyatro case and possessive forms, from tiyatroyu to tiyatrosunu, and talk about theatres together.
Read and practiseSanat: art, arts and possessive forms
Art keeps its t in sanatı and takes a double t in sanatta. Explore the cases and possessives of sanat, and distinguish art forms from individual artworks.
Read and practisegelişme: development, events and noun forms
A project’s progress and an unexpected turn both use gelişme. Practise its cases and possessives, and distinguish gelişmeyi from gelişmesini.
Read and practisedeğişim: change and whose change it is
The final m in değişim belongs to the word, not to “my”. Build its cases, plural and possessives, and explain a neighbourhood’s change in Turkish.
Read and practiseSonuç: result, outcome and its forms
A result becomes sonucu when you announce it, but sonucunu when it belongs to a comparison. Practise Turkish cases, plurals and possessives with sonuç.
Read and practisePurpose in Turkish: cases and possession
A project’s purpose changes form when you explain it or work towards it. Practise the Turkish noun for purpose in cases, plurals and possessive constructions.
Read and practiseÇevre: environment, surroundings and social circles
Environmental protection, nearby streets and social circles all use çevre. Practise its cases and possessives, and distinguish çevreye from çevresine.
Read and practiseNature in Turkish: cases and possessive forms
From a woodland walk to the nature of a problem, practise the Turkish noun for nature in cases, plural and possessive forms without confusing their meanings.
Read and practiseClimate in Turkish: iklim and its endings
A region’s climate takes more than a daily forecast: use iklim in cases, plurals and possessives, and see why bölgenin iklimine needs an extra n.
Read and practisedeprem: earthquake forms and possessive endings
An earthquake in a story gives deprem a context: compare depremi and depreminde, practise cases and plurals, and distinguish an object from a possessive form.
Read and practiseEnerji: energy, possession and case
Energy for a machine or a demanding project: use enerji in cases and possessive forms, distinguish enerjiyi from enerjisini, and place the plural in context.
Read and practisesaat: clock, watch and hour in Turkish
See how saat names a clock, a watch or an hour, and practise the exceptional endings in saati and saatler.
Read and practiseyastık: pillow and its softened forms
Learn the Turkish word yastık and see why its final k becomes ğ in yastığı and yastığım, with examples and practice.
Read and practisebavul: suitcase and rounded-vowel endings
Learn bavul, the Turkish word for suitcase, and practise the rounded endings in bavulum and bavulu with examples.
Read and practisekilit: lock and the change from t to d
Learn kilit, the Turkish word for a lock, and practise the t-to-d change in kilidi and kilidim with examples.
Read and practisehavlu: towel and its buffer consonants
Learn the Turkish word havlu and distinguish havluyu, havlum and havlusu when adding case and possessive endings.
Read and practisepasaport: passport and its unchanged t
Learn pasaport, the Turkish word for passport, and practise why t stays in pasaportu and pasaportum before a vowel.
Read and practiseyağmur: rain and talking about wet weather
Learn yağmur, the Turkish word for rain, and distinguish yağmur yağıyor, yağmurda and yağmurdan in context.
Read and practiseçekmece: drawer and vowel-final endings
Learn çekmece, the Turkish word for drawer, and practise çekmeceyi, çekmecem and çekmecede in useful sentences.
Read and practisetakvim: calendar and marking dates
Learn takvim, the Turkish word for calendar, and practise takvimi, takvimim and takvimde when discussing dates.
Read and practisecüzdan: wallet and the final vowel
Learn cüzdan, the Turkish word for wallet, and practise the back-vowel endings in cüzdanı and cüzdanım.
Read and practisemusluk: tap, faucet and its changing k
Learn musluk for a water tap and distinguish the softened forms musluğu and musluğum from musluktan.
Read and practisesabun: soap and everyday forms
Learn sabun for soap and use sabunu, sabunum and sabunlar in washing and shopping contexts.
Read and practiseayna: mirror and its vowel-stem endings
Learn ayna for mirror and practise aynayı, aynam and aynası with useful everyday examples.
Read and practisebulut: cloud and weather descriptions
Learn bulut for cloud, practise bulutlar and bulutu, and describe what clouds do in the sky.
Read and practisemerdiven: staircase, cases and possession
Twelve steps make one staircase: use merdiven in cases and possessive forms, distinguish it from basamak, and build merdiveninde without losing a suffix.
Read and practiseşemsiye: umbrella and vowel-final endings
Learn şemsiye, the Turkish word for umbrella, and distinguish şemsiyeyi, şemsiyem and şemsiyesi in rainy weather.
Read and practisetren: train and station language
Learn tren for train and practise treni, trenler and trenden in travel situations.
Read and practiseradyo: radio and listening expressions
Learn radyo for radio and practise radyoyu, radyoda and radyodan in listening contexts.
Read and practiseçadır: tent and camping language
Learn çadır for tent and practise çadırı, çadırda and çadırdan while talking about camping.
Read and practisesandalye: chair and its endings
Learn sandalye for a chair, then use sandalyeyi, sandalyem and sandalye after a number in everyday contexts.
Read and practisekoltuk: armchair or seat
Use koltuk for an armchair or a vehicle seat and practise koltukta, koltuğu and possessive koltuğum in context.
Read and practiseyatak: bed and softened forms
Use yatak for a bed or mattress, practise yatağım and yatakta, and learn the everyday phrase yatağı toplamak.
Read and practisedolap: cupboard and wardrobe
Learn dolap for storage furniture and practise dolabı, dolapta and dolabın through cupboards, shelves and clothing.
Read and practiseraf: a shelf and its cases
Describe a shelf with raf, practise the locative rafta and ablative raftan, and distinguish its specific object form rafı.
Read and practisehalı: rug, ownership and location
Learn halı for a rug or carpet and use halıyı, halım and halıda in sentences about cleaning and a room.
Read and practiseperde: curtains and window light
Learn perde for a curtain and use perdeyi, perdem and the singular after a number while describing a room.
Read and practisebattaniye: blanket and its forms
Talk about a blanket with battaniye, practise battaniyeyi and battaniyem, and name two blankets without a plural suffix.
Read and practiseçarşaf: bed sheet and its forms
Learn çarşaf for a bed sheet and practise çarşafı, çarşafım and counted singular forms while discussing laundry.
Read and practiselamba: lamp and light
Learn lamba for a lamp and practise lambayı, lambam and a singular noun after a number in lighting contexts.
Read and practiseampul: a light bulb
Learn ampul for a light bulb, distinguish it from lamba, and practise ampulü, ampulüm and counted singular nouns.
Read and practisepriz: electrical socket and direction
Learn priz for an electrical socket, and distinguish prize for movement towards it from prizden for movement away.
Read and practisefiş: receipt or electrical plug
Learn the two common meanings of fiş, receipt and electrical plug, and practise fişi, fişim and fişte in context.
Read and practisekablo: cable and its forms
Learn kablo for a cable and practise kabloyu, kablom and the singular after numbers in everyday device contexts.
Read and practisesüpürge: broom or vacuum cleaner
Learn süpürge for a broom, recognise elektrik süpürgesi as a vacuum cleaner, and practise süpürgeyi and süpürgem.
Read and practiseçöp: rubbish, sorting and location
Learn çöp for rubbish and distinguish çöpü, çöpte and çöpten when talking about sorting and taking it out.
Read and practisesepet: basket and direction
Learn sepet for a basket and distinguish sepeti, sepete and sepetim when carrying or filling a basket.
Read and practisekova: bucket and direction
Learn kova for a bucket and distinguish kovaya, kovadan and kovam when filling or using a bucket of water.
Read and practiseütü: an iron and ironing
Learn ütü for a clothes iron and ironing, and practise ütüyü, ütüm and the singular after a number.
Read and practisemandal: a clothes peg
Learn mandal for a clothes peg and use mandalı, mandalım and mandallar when talking about hanging laundry.
Read and practisetavan: the ceiling inside a room
Learn tavan for an interior ceiling, distinguish it from çatı, and practise tavanı, tavanda and tavanın.
Read and practiseyorgan: quilt and bedding
Learn yorgan for a quilt or duvet and practise yorganı, yorganım and the singular after a number in bedding contexts.
Read and practiseocak: stove and January
Learn ocak for a stove, distinguish the month Ocak from the noun, and practise ocağı, ocakta and ocağım.
Read and practisepaspas: doormat or mop
Learn paspas for a doormat or mop and practise paspası, paspasım and the singular after a number in context.
Read and practiseçekiç: hammer and consonant change
Learn çekiç for a hammer and practise çekici, çekicim and the singular after a number in a tool context.
Read and practisetornavida: screwdriver and tool use
Learn tornavida for a screwdriver and practise tornavidayı, tornavidayla and tornavidam while describing a tool.
Read and practisevida: a screw
Learn vida for a screw, distinguish it from çivi, and practise vidayı, vidam and the singular after a number.
Read and practiseçivi: a nail and its forms
Learn çivi for a metal nail, distinguish it from vida, and practise çiviyi, çivim and the singular after a number.
Read and practisepense: pliers and tool use
Learn pense for pliers and practise penseyi, penseyle and pensem while describing a tool used to grip something.
Read and practisemakas: scissors and tool use
Learn makas for scissors and practise makası, makasla and makasım while describing a tool used to cut.
Read and practisebıçak: knife and tool use
Learn bıçak for a knife and practise bıçağı, bıçakla and bıçağım while describing a tool used to cut bread.
Read and practisematkap: drill and tool use
Learn matkap for a drill and practise matkabı, matkapla and matkabın in contexts of repair and equipment.
Read and practisetestere: saw and tool use
Learn testere for a saw and practise testereyi, testereyle and testerem while describing a tool used to cut a board.
Read and practisemetre: length and measuring tool
Learn metre as a unit of length and a measuring tool; practise metreyi, metreyle and the singular after a number.
Read and practisecetvel: ruler for measuring and drawing
Learn the Turkish word cetvel for a ruler, and practise naming a specific ruler, drawing with it and owning one.
Read and practiseip: string for tying and packing
Learn the Turkish noun ip for string or cord and practise ipi, ipim and the singular noun after a number.
Read and practisehalat: a rope for a boat
Learn halat, a thick rope or hawser, with halatı, halatla and halatımız in useful boating examples.
Read and practisezincir: a chain and its links
Learn zincir for a chain, practise zinciri and zincirle, and describe its links with zincirin halkaları.
Read and practisebant: adhesive tape for packing
Learn bant for adhesive tape; practise bandı, bantla and the change from t to d in vowel-initial forms.
Read and practiseyapıştırıcı: glue for joining materials
Learn yapıştırıcı for glue, with yapıştırıcıyı and yapıştırıcıyla, and practise the linking y before vowel endings.
Read and practisefırça: a brush for painting
Learn fırça for a brush, distinguish fırçayı and fırçayla, and describe the handle with fırçanın sapı.
Read and practisekask: a helmet for cycling
Learn kask for a protective helmet, and practise kaskı, kaskım and kaskın when talking about its strap.
Read and practisehortum: a garden hose or an elephant’s trunk
Learn hortum as a hose and an elephant’s trunk; practise hortumu, hortumla and the context that distinguishes meanings.
Read and practisetel: metal wire in the garden
Learn tel for a strand of metal wire; use teli, telle and telin when describing a plant support and its end.
Read and practisekürek: a shovel or an oar
Learn kürek for a shovel or oar; practise küreği, kürekle and küreğin while distinguishing the meanings in context.
Read and practisekazma: a pickaxe for hard ground
Learn kazma for a pickaxe, practising kazmayı, kazmayla and kazmanın when describing the tool and its handle.
Read and practisefener: flashlight and lighthouse
Learn fener for a portable light and deniz feneri for a lighthouse; practise feneri and fenerle in context.
Read and practisepil: batteries for everyday devices
Learn pil for a battery, practise pili and piller, and use the singular after a number in iki pil.
Read and practiseağaç: a tree in the garden
Learn ağaç for a tree and practise ağacı, ağaçta and ağacın in sentences about planting, nesting and shade.
Read and practiseçiçek: a flower in the garden
Learn çiçek for a flower and practise çiçeği, çiçeğe and çiçekler while describing flowers and watering.
Read and practiseyaprak: a leaf and its edge
Learn yaprak for a leaf, practise yaprağı and yapraklar, and describe its edge using yaprağın kenarı.
Read and practisedal: a branch on a tree
Learn dal for a branch and practise dalı, dalda and dalın while describing a bird and a leaf on a branch.
Read and practisekök: the root of a plant
Learn kök for a plant root and practise kökü, kökler and kökte while describing roots under the soil.
Read and practiseorman: to, in and from the forest
Learn orman for forest and contrast ormana, ormanda and ormandan when describing a walk and a return home.
Read and practisedağ: a mountain and its summit
Learn dağ for a mountain, using dağa, dağda and dağdan to describe climbing, being on it and coming down.
Read and practisetepe: a hill and the view from it
Learn tepe for a hill and practise tepeye, tepede and tepeden while describing a climb, play and a view.
Read and practisenehir: a river and its changing stem
Learn nehir for a river and practise nehri, nehre and nehirde, noticing vowel loss before vowel-initial endings.
Read and practisegöl: a lake and its surface
Learn göl for a lake and practise gölü, gölde and gölün while describing water, fish and the lake’s surface.
Read and practisedeniz: the sea in summer
Learn deniz for the sea and practise denize, denizde and denizin when talking about a visit, swimming and colour.
Read and practiseada: arriving on an island
Learn ada for an island and practise adaya, adada and adanın while describing a boat trip and the shore.
Read and practisesahil: a walk along the shore
Learn sahil for a shore or coast and practise sahile, sahilde and sahilden while describing a walk and a view.
Read and practisekum: sand at the shore
Learn kum for sand and practise kumu, kumla and kumda while describing a bucket, a castle and small shells.
Read and practisetaş: a stone and its surface
Learn taş for a stone and practise taşı, taşta and taşın while describing a stone, a mark and a place to rest.
Read and practisetoprak: soil for plants
Learn toprak for soil and practise toprağı, toprakta and topraktan while describing seeds, roots and rain.
Read and practiseçimen: grass in a park or garden
Learn çimen for grass and practise çimene, çimende and çimeni while talking about watering, play and rain.
Read and practisetohum: a seed and its coat
Learn tohum for a seed and practise tohumu, tohumlar and tohumun while describing planting and a seed’s coat.
Read and practisegüneş: the sun and its light
Learn güneş for the sun and practise güneşi, güneşten and güneşin when talking about sunlight and a hat.
Read and practiseyıldız: a star in the night sky
Learn yıldız for a star and practise yıldızı, yıldızlar and yıldızın while describing a clear night and starlight.
Read and practiserüzgâr: wind and its sound
Learn rüzgâr for wind and practise rüzgârı, rüzgârdan and rüzgârın while describing how it feels and sounds.
Read and practisekar: snow in winter
Learn kar for snow and practise karı, karda and karın while describing clearing snow, playing and tracks.
Read and practisebuz: ice in a glass or outdoors
Learn buz for ice and practise buzu, buzda and buzun when describing a glass, movement on ice and its surface.
Read and practisesis: fog and reduced visibility
Learn sis for fog and practise sisi, sisle and siste while describing visibility and movement through fog.
Read and practisepantolon: trying on trousers
Learn pantolon for trousers and practise pantolonu, pantolonum and the singular after a number while shopping.
Read and practiseetek: a skirt and its fabric
Learn etek for a skirt and practise eteği, eteğim and etekler while describing clothes in a shop and wardrobe.
Read and practiseelbise: choosing a dress
Learn elbise for a dress and practise elbiseyi, elbisem and elbisenin while discussing a wedding outfit and colour.
Read and practiseceket: a jacket and its pocket
Learn ceket for a jacket and practise ceketi, ceketim and cekette while talking about fit, a hanger and a pocket.
Read and practisemont: a coat for cold weather
Learn mont for a coat or outdoor jacket and practise montu, montum and montta while talking about warmth and pockets.
Read and practisekazak: a sweater for cold weather
Learn kazak for a sweater and practise kazağı, kazağım and kazaklar when describing wool, sleeves and storage.
Read and practisetişört: a T-shirt and its fit
Learn tişört for a T-shirt and practise tişörtü, tişörtüm and tişörtte while discussing laundry, fit and a stain.
Read and practiseçorap: socks in pairs
Learn çorap for a sock and practise çorapları, çorabım and bir çift çorap while talking about laundry.
Read and practiseşapka: a hat and its brim
Learn şapka for a hat and practise şapkayı, şapkam and şapkanın while discussing fit, protection and a brim.
Read and practisebere: a knit cap for cold weather
Learn bere for a knit cap and practise bereyi, berem and bereler while describing warmth, fit and storage.
Read and practiseatkı: a scarf around the neck
Learn atkı for a scarf and practise atkıyı, atkım and atkılar while describing warmth, wool and storage.
Read and practiseeldiven: gloves in pairs
Learn eldiven for a glove and practise eldivenleri, eldivenim and bir çift eldiven while discussing warmth and laundry.
Read and practisekemer: a belt and its buckle
Learn kemer for a belt and practise kemeri, kemerim and kemerin while describing fit, a buckle and a seat belt.
Read and practisedüğme: a button on clothing
Learn düğme for a button and practise düğmeyi, düğmem and düğmenin while describing sewing and holes in the button.
Read and practisefermuar: opening and closing a zipper
Learn fermuar for a zipper and practise fermuarı, fermuarım and fermuarın while describing its movement and teeth.
Read and practisecep: a pocket for small items
Learn cep for a pocket and practise cebi, cepte and cebin while looking for a key or finding a note.
Read and practisekumaş: fabric for sewing
Learn kumaş for fabric and practise kumaşı, kumaşım and kumaşla while cutting and sewing material.
Read and practisepamuk: cotton as a material
Learn pamuk for cotton and practise pamuğu, pamuktan and pamukla through clothes and filling a cushion.
Read and practiseyün: wool for a warm scarf
Use yün for wool when describing a sweater or knitting, and distinguish yünü, yünden and yünle.
Read and practiseterlik: a slipper for home
Learn terlik for a slipper and practise terliği, terliğim and iki terlik when talking about footwear.
Read and practisebot: a boot for wet weather
Use bot for a boot when discussing rain and cleaning, and practise botu, botum and iki bot in context.
Read and practiseçizme: a boot for the garden
Learn çizme for a boot and practise çizmeyi, çizmem and çizmelere when describing washing and drying footwear.
Read and practisepijama: clothes for sleeping
Learn pijama for sleepwear and practise pijamayı, pijamam and pijamanın while describing a bedtime routine.
Read and practisekravat: a tie for a meeting
Learn kravat for a tie and practise kravatı, kravatın and kravata when describing its colour or a spill.
Read and practisedomates: a tomato for a salad
Use domates for tomato in a salad or soup and practise domatesi, iki domates and domatesin with food.
Read and practisesalatalık: cucumber for a sauce
Learn salatalık for cucumber and practise salatalığı, salatalığın and salatalıkla when preparing food.
Read and practisepatates: potato for a warm soup
Learn patates for potato while cooking and practise patatesi, üç patates and patatesten in context.
Read and practisesoğan: onion for cooking
Learn soğan for onion and practise soğanı, iki soğan and soğanın while chopping and cooking a meal.
Read and practiselimon: lemon for tea and sauce
Learn limon for lemon and practise limonu, iki limon and limonla while preparing tea and a sauce.
Read and practiseportakal: an orange for breakfast
Learn portakal for orange and practise portakalı, üç portakal and portakaldan while peeling fruit and making juice.
Read and practisemuz: banana for breakfast
Learn muz for banana and practise muzu, iki muz and muzun while preparing a snack or breakfast.
Read and practisearmut: pears, ripeness and shopping
Learn armut for pear, the object form armudu and counting with üç armut through market and kitchen examples.
Read and practiseçilek: strawberries and the forms çileği, çileğe
Practise çilek for strawberry, çileği as an object and çileğe for adding something, with fruit quantities and explained exercises.
Read and practiseüzüm: grapes, bunches and raisins
Learn üzüm for grapes, bir salkım üzüm for a bunch and kuru üzüm for raisins, with shopping examples and object-form practice.
Read and practisepirinç: rice as an ingredient and pirinci
Learn pirinç for rice, pirinci and pirince for kitchen actions, and measured amounts such as bir bardak pirinç.
Read and practisemakarna: pasta, sauces and ingredients
Use makarna for pasta and practise makarnayı, makarnaya and makarnada while describing cooking, sauces and ingredients.
Read and practiseyumurta: eggs, cartons and asking about ingredients
Learn yumurta for egg, yumurtayı for a specific object and altı yumurta for counting, with breakfast and ingredient questions.
Read and practisezeytin: olives, colours and breakfast quantities
Learn zeytin for olive, zeytini for a specific object and beş zeytin for counting, with green and black olive examples.
Read and practisebal: honey, spoonfuls and jars
Learn bal for honey and the forms balı, bala and balda, using spoonfuls, jars and simple sentences about taste and preparation.
Read and practiseyoğurt: yogurt, additions and the form yoğurtta
Practise yoğurt for yogurt, yoğurdu and yoğurda before vowel endings, and yoğurtta for what is in a yogurt.
Read and practisetereyağı: butter and the linking n
Learn tereyağı for butter and practise tereyağını, tereyağına and tereyağında, with spreading, additions and ingredient examples.
Read and practiseşeker: sugar, sweets and coffee without sugar
Learn şeker for sugar or a sweet, şekeri for a specific object and şekersiz for without sugar, with spoonfuls and drink orders.
Read and practisetuz: salt, a pinch and the form tuzsuz
Learn tuz for salt, tuzu for a specific object and tuzsuz for without salt, with table requests and small measured amounts.
Read and practisesarımsak: garlic, cloves and softened k
Practise sarımsak for garlic, count cloves and form sarımsağı and sarımsağa before vowel endings.
Read and practisehavuç: carrot and its softened forms
Learn havuç for carrot, prepare a salad and form havucu and havuca before vowel endings.
Read and practisebiber: peppers, heat and counting
Learn biber for peppers, describe their heat and use biberi, biberler and iki biber in food contexts.
Read and practisepatlıcan: aubergines in the kitchen
Learn patlıcan for aubergine, talk about roasting and use patlıcanı, patlıcanlar and iki patlıcan.
Read and practisekabak: courgette and softened k
Learn kabak for courgette, describe slicing and yogurt, and form kabağı and kabağa before vowel endings.
Read and practise