A report can connect an earlier statement with the present.

The idea

After a past reporting verb, a present form can remain when the statement is still true or relevant. Backshift is also often possible; it does not necessarily mean the statement is no longer true.

Examples

  • Mira said the museum opens at ten.
  • The guide explained that the river flows north.
  • Yesterday, Lee told me they are working from home this week.
  • Our neighbour mentioned that the bakery has moved to Oak Street.
  • The doctor said that regular sleep helps concentration.
  • Sam told us the tickets are still available.

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Watch out

Do not assume a past reporting verb always forces a past form. Use the context to decide whether to highlight present relevance.

Try it yourself

  1. Choose the present form to show the statement is still true or relevant. The teacher said water ___ at 100°C at sea level. (boils / boiled)

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    boils

    boils presents the boiling point as a continuing fact.

  2. Choose the present form to show the statement is still true or relevant. Nora said she ___ for the exam this week. (is studying / was studying)

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    is studying

    is studying connects the ongoing preparation with this week.

  3. Choose the present form to show the statement is still true or relevant. The manager said the shop ___ to a new address and is there now. (has moved / had moved)

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    has moved

    has moved presents the move as having a result now.

Use it today

Report a fact and a current situation someone mentioned yesterday, retaining an appropriate present form.