book: reading and reserving
Learn the noun book, its plural books, and the different verb meaning used when reserving a room.
Read and practiseAdventure journal
English: Nouns in context
English: Name people, objects and ideas with accurate noun forms, useful combinations and translated examples.
Adventure journal
English: Nouns in context
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Shoe: one and a pair
One shoe or two? Talk about footwear, sizes and pairs with clear everyday examples and short practice.
Read and practisewater: asking for a drink
Use water as an uncountable noun and ask for some water, a glass of water or two bottles.
Read and practiseShirt: getting dressed
A blue shirt or a white one? Describe a garment, its details and getting dressed in everyday English.
Read and practiseCoat: clothing for cold weather
Cold or rainy outside? Talk about coats, weather and outer clothing with everyday examples and practice.
Read and practisechild: one child, two children
Learn the irregular plural children, use child for one young person and choose matching verb forms.
Read and practiseHat: wearing headwear
A hat on your head can keep the sun off. Describe headwear and wearing it with simple examples.
Read and practiseKitchen: the cooking room
A kitchen is the room where people cook. See how to describe kitchens and locate things in them.
Read and practisefriend: a person you know well
Use friend and friends for people, describe a friendly neighbour and introduce a friend of mine.
Read and practiseBathroom: washing at home
A room for washing can also have a toilet. Talk about bathrooms at home and where things are.
Read and practiseBreakfast: the first meal
Morning food has a name. Talk about breakfast, what you eat and when you have your first meal.
Read and practisequestion: ask, answer and punctuation
Use question and questions to ask for information, answer someone and identify a question mark.
Read and practiseLunch: the midday meal
Around midday, a meal gives you a break. Describe lunch, its time and the food you eat.
Read and practiseDinner: the evening meal
At the end of the day, talk about dinner, its time and the food you share with others.
Read and practisehome: where someone lives
Use home for where someone lives, contrast house as a building and choose at home or go home.
Read and practiseTea: the drink by the cup
A warm drink can be shared by the cup. Talk about tea, its ingredients and a serving.
Read and practisename: identifying people and things
Use name and names, understand first name and last name on forms, and recognise that naming conventions vary.
Read and practiseCar: vehicles and car journeys
On the road, a car takes people from place to place. Describe one vehicle or a journey by car.
Read and practiseFamily: talking about relatives
Use family and families in everyday sentences, and describe relatives and family photographs.
Read and practiseDog: a pet and its actions
At home or outside, a dog can run, play and sleep. Describe a pet and what it does.
Read and practiseDoor: entrances and everyday requests
Use door and doors to talk about entrances, the front door and simple requests to open or close one.
Read and practiseCat: a pet and its actions
A quiet pet may sleep, watch birds or play outside. Describe a cat and its daily actions.
Read and practiseTable: furniture and places to sit
Talk about tables at home or in a restaurant, and locate objects on or under the furniture.
Read and practiseFood: meals and types of food
Use food for what people eat, and distinguish the general uncountable word from types of foods.
Read and practisePhone: devices and calls
Use phone and phones for devices, ask someone to answer, and describe talking on the phone.
Read and practiseMother: a parent in the family
A parent can share a meal, make a call or walk home with a child. Talk about a mother and family ties.
Read and practiseKey: opening locks
Use key and keys for objects that open locks, and ask for a car key or a spare key.
Read and practiseWindow: light, views and fresh air
Use window and windows to talk about light and views, and ask permission to open a window.
Read and practiseMoney: amounts and everyday spending
Talk about money for daily needs, saving and repayment, and ask how much money there is.
Read and practiseFather: a parent and his family
A father may read to a child, cook or work in a shop. Describe a parent and family relationships.
Read and practiseAddress: places and email
Ask for an address, distinguish a postal address from an email address and use the plural addresses.
Read and practiseBus: travelling and being aboard
Use bus and buses to talk about public transport, and distinguish by bus from on the bus.
Read and practiseBread: amounts, slices and loaves
Use bread as an uncountable food word and count servings with slice of bread or loaf of bread.
Read and practiseMusic: listening, playing and kinds
Use the uncountable noun music to talk about listening, playing and different kinds of music.
Read and practiseDoctor: talking about medical appointments
Use doctor and doctors to name medical professionals and talk about an appointment or visit.
Read and practiseBed: sleeping and bedroom furniture
Use bed and beds for bedroom furniture, and describe going to bed, being in bed and making a bed.
Read and practiseWord: meaning, writing and speech
Use word and words to talk about language, ask for a meaning and request slower pronunciation.
Read and practiseChair: seating and furniture
Use chair and chairs to describe seating, move a chair and ask to use one.
Read and practiseLanguage: communication and learning
Use language and languages to talk about communication, language learning and the language of a book.
Read and practiseHour: durations and future times
Use hour and hours for lengths of time, and distinguish for an hour from in an hour.
Read and practiseStudent: people who study
Use student and students to describe learners, ask about a class and name a subject of study.
Read and practiseTeacher: people who teach
Use teacher and teachers to describe a person who teaches, their subject and classroom interactions.
Read and practiseCoffee: the drink and servings
Use coffee for the drink, order a cup and understand two coffees as two servings.
Read and practiseGarden: plants and outdoor spaces
Use garden and gardens to describe places where people grow plants or spend time outdoors.
Read and practiseMeal: eating occasions
Use meal and meals to discuss eating occasions, the food served and sharing food with others.
Read and practiseProblem: describing a difficulty
Use problem and problems to name difficulties, ask for help and say what needs attention.
Read and practiseStation: places for trains and buses
Use station and stations to locate transport stops, describe journeys and arrange where to meet.
Read and practisetime: duration, clock time and occasions
Distinguish uncountable time for duration from a time or times for occasions and specific clock times.
Read and practiseadvice: suggestions you can use
Use uncountable advice when asking for guidance and count individual suggestions with a piece of advice.
Read and practiseSock: footwear and matching pairs
A sock can be warm, clean or missing its partner. Talk about footwear and a matching pair of socks.
Read and practisework: tasks, a job and functioning
Use work for activity or employment, choose a job for a countable position and recognise work as a verb.
Read and practiseGlove: hand coverings in pairs
A lost glove or a matching pair? Talk about hand coverings, protection and cold weather in everyday situations.
Read and practiseJacket: a short outer layer
A light jacket for spring or a warm one for work? Describe this outer garment, its fit and its details.
Read and practisenews: information and news programmes
Use uncountable news with a singular verb, ask for news and count one item with a piece of news.
Read and practiseDress: choosing a garment
A dress for a party or a comfortable summer outfit? Describe this garment, its details and your clothing choices.
Read and practiseroom: a room or available space
Distinguish countable rooms in a building from uncountable room meaning space for another object.
Read and practiseBoot: footwear for work and weather
Muddy boots after work or waterproof boots in the rain? Describe sturdy footwear and pairs in daily life.
Read and practiseButton: clothes and controls
A loose button or a green control? Talk about fastening clothes and operating everyday devices.
Read and practiseticket: travel, entry and receipts
Use ticket for travel or entry, count tickets and distinguish a ticket from a receipt for payment.
Read and practiseZip and zipper on clothes
A stuck fastener or an open pocket? Describe zips on clothes and bags in British and American English.
Read and practisePrice: amounts, labels and totals
Ask about the price, compare prices and describe whether a price is high or low.
Read and practiseSink: washing hands and dishes
A pile of dishes or muddy hands? Talk about the sink in a kitchen or bathroom and the things you wash there.
Read and practiseFridge: keeping food cold
Milk on a shelf or soup for tomorrow? Talk about storing food in a fridge and keeping its door closed.
Read and practiseLetter: messages and alphabet symbols
Distinguish a letter sent as a message from a letter of the alphabet, and use capital letters on forms.
Read and practiseThe oven: cooking with enclosed heat
From bread to vegetables, describe baking in an oven and talk about switching this kitchen appliance on or off.
Read and practiseInformation: asking and checking
Use information as an uncountable noun, ask for facts about a topic and count individual items.
Read and practisePan for cooking on a stove
A pan sits on a stove to cook food; explore its singular and plural forms and describe what goes inside.
Read and practisePlate: serving food at a meal
At the table, a plate holds a portion of food. Practise its singular and plural and say where the food goes.
Read and practiseMap: places and routes
Use map and maps to identify places, describe a map of an area and plan a route.
Read and practiseLid: covering a container
A jar or box can have a lid. Practise its singular and plural and describe putting a cover on or taking it off.
Read and practiseJourney: travelling between places
Use journey and journeys to describe travel between places, its duration and a safe arrival.
Read and practiseTap: controlling the water
At the sink, a tap controls the flow of water. Practise turning it on and off and recognise the American term.
Read and practiseShower: washing under water
A shower can be a place to wash or the act of washing under running water, at home or after exercise.
Read and practiseGuest: invited person or hotel visitor
Use guest and guests for people invited to an occasion or staying at a hotel.
Read and practiseBrush: a tool for hair and cleaning
A brush can tidy hair or clean shoes and other surfaces; its plural has an extra syllable in writing.
Read and practiseCustomer: buying goods or services
Use customer and customers to describe people who buy or seek goods and services from a business.
Read and practiseToothbrush: a tool for clean teeth
A toothbrush helps clean your teeth; talk about keeping one, packing it and replacing an old one.
Read and practiseToothpaste: quantities and tubes
A small amount on a brush or a new tube: talk about toothpaste and how much you need.
Read and practiseNeighbour: someone living nearby
Use neighbour and neighbours to describe people living close to you and everyday interactions.
Read and practiseLamps and electric light
A bedside or desk lamp gives light; practise naming lamps and saying when to switch them on or off.
Read and practiseReceipt: proof of a transaction
Use receipt and receipts to ask for, keep or check proof that money or goods were received.
Read and practiseBattery: powering a device
A clock stops and a camera needs power: talk about batteries and replacing them.
Read and practiseBin: rubbish containers
A paper wrapper, a full kitchen container or a recycling box: use the British word for a bin.
Read and practiseShelf: a surface for storage
Use shelf and shelves to locate stored objects and describe upper or lower storage surfaces.
Read and practiseRubbish: waste and disposal
From a picnic to the kitchen, talk about unwanted waste and putting it in the bin or taking it outside.
Read and practiseSuitcase: carrying belongings on a trip
Use suitcase and suitcases to describe travel bags, packing and where belongings are kept.
Read and practiseLaundry: clothes to wash
A basket of clothes or a full machine gives you a way to discuss washing, drying and loads of laundry.
Read and practiseStair: a step and a staircase
One step or a whole flight? Talk about individual stairs and moving up or down the stairs in a building.
Read and practiseBottle: a container for liquid
Use bottle and bottles to describe containers, their contents and where they are kept.
Read and practiseRoof: the cover above a building
Rain, snow and birds can all land on the outside cover of a house. Describe a roof and its condition.
Read and practiseCup: a container for a drink
Use cup and cups to discuss drinking containers, servings and where they are kept.
Read and practiseDoor locks and their keys
A broken door lock or a missing key can change your plans. Talk about the device that secures a door.
Read and practisePaying rent for a home
Monthly housing costs can shape a budget. Talk about the money paid to use a flat or house.
Read and practiseGlass: material or drinking container
Distinguish uncountable glass as a material from a countable glass used for a drink.
Read and practiseBills for services and meals
Electricity, phone service and restaurant meals all come with charges. Ask for, check and pay a bill.
Read and practiseKnife: a tool for cutting
Use knife and knives to name a cutting tool, its parts and where it is kept.
Read and practiseCoins and their values
A small metal piece can pay for parking or add to your savings. Describe coins and their values.
Read and practiseTowel: cloth for drying
Use towel and towels to describe an item used for drying and where it is kept.
Read and practiseDiscounts and savings
A lower price can save money at the checkout. Describe discounts and calculate how much you save.
Read and practiseMirror: see your reflection
Use mirror and mirrors to describe a reflecting surface, its position and what you see in it.
Read and practiseParcels in the post
A wrapped package can travel to an office or wait at the post office. Talk about sending and receiving parcels.
Read and practisePostage stamps for letters
A small postage label helps a letter travel. Talk about buying stamps and putting them on envelopes.
Read and practiseSoap: washing with soap
Learn to speak about soap as a washing substance and count individual bars of solid soap.
Read and practiseEnvelopes for letters
A letter needs a covering and an address before it travels. Describe envelopes, addresses and sealing letters.
Read and practiseBlanket: a warm cover
Learn blanket and blankets for a warm cover, and describe where a person or blanket is.
Read and practiseQueue: waiting your turn
A line outside a shop offers a way to talk about waiting your turn and compare common British and American terms.
Read and practisePillow: support for your head
Use pillow and pillows for a soft support on a bed, and describe its place and cover.
Read and practiseSoup in bowls and portions
A warm bowl at lunch introduces the word for liquid food and ways to describe portions and different varieties.
Read and practiseFork: an eating utensil
Learn fork and forks for a pointed eating utensil, and ask for one politely at a meal.
Read and practiseButter as an ingredient
From spreading it on bread to measuring it for baking, talk about butter and the amounts a recipe needs.
Read and practiseSpoon: serving and eating
Learn spoon and spoons for an eating utensil, and describe using one for soup or stirring.
Read and practiseSalt for seasoning and amounts
A pinch in a dish can change its flavour: describe salt, seasoning, and the amounts used in cooking.
Read and practiseWall: a vertical structure
Learn wall and walls for room boundaries or garden divisions, and describe objects on a wall.
Read and practiseSugar for sweetness and quantities
A little sweetness in tea or a measured spoonful in a sauce: talk about sugar and how much you need.
Read and practiseTrain: travel on rails
Use train for rail transport and describe a journey by train or a place on a particular train.
Read and practiseAirport: a place for flights
Use airport for a place where aircraft take off and land, and describe travel to or from it.
Read and practiseFlour in baking and recipes
A bag on the shelf or a cup in the bowl: talk about flour as a baking ingredient and measure it.
Read and practiseCeiling: the inside top of a room
Use ceiling for the inside upper surface of a room, and contrast it with the roof outside.
Read and practisePepper: vegetable and seasoning
A sweet red vegetable or black seasoning for soup? Find out how pepper names both and how to count them.
Read and practiseFlight: a journey by aircraft
Use flight for an aircraft journey and describe its destination, timing or delay.
Read and practiseOnion: a vegetable in layers
Peel the dry outside and find layers inside: talk about an onion, whole onions and chopped onion in food.
Read and practisePassenger: a person travelling
Use passenger for a traveller in a vehicle and distinguish the passenger from the driver.
Read and practiseDriver: a person who drives
Use driver for a person controlling a vehicle and identify common vehicle-specific roles.
Read and practisePotato: one vegetable, two potatoes
From a baked potato to several potatoes, practise the singular and the spelling of the plural in everyday meals.
Read and practiseApple: a countable fruit
Name whole apples, offer one and use an before the vowel sound in apple.
Read and practiseChicken: bird and food
A bird in the yard or meat on a plate? Learn when chicken is countable and when it names food.
Read and practiseMarket: a place to buy and sell
Use market for a place or event where people buy and sell, and describe trips to it.
Read and practiseFruit: food and different kinds
A bowl of fruit can contain several kinds. Practise the general food word and the plural used for different kinds.
Read and practiseCash: money in notes and coins
Use cash for physical money and ask whether payment is in cash or by card.
Read and practiseEgg: food and preparation
Use egg for a whole item or food, and ask whether someone wants it boiled or fried.
Read and practiseVegetable: one or several
Carrots, onions and other vegetables belong on the shopping list. Practise naming one vegetable and several.
Read and practiseRice: food and quantities
Use uncountable rice for the food and count containers or grains when a number is needed.
Read and practiseBag: a container for carrying
Use bag for a container that holds or carries items, and describe its contents and location.
Read and practiseSchool: a place for education
Use school for an educational place or institution and describe its location and people.
Read and practiseLesson: a period of teaching
Use lesson for a teaching session and distinguish a teacher giving it from a learner taking it.
Read and practiseHomework: assigned schoolwork
Use uncountable homework for assigned study and count individual assignments when needed.
Read and practiseClass: learners or a teaching session
Use class for a group of learners or a teaching session and distinguish it from classroom.
Read and practiseExam: a test of knowledge or skill
Use exam for a test of knowledge or skill and distinguish taking it from passing it.
Read and practiseEmail: a message or the system
Use email for an individual electronic message or the communication system.
Read and practiseBowl: a container for food
Learn to name a bowl, describe what it holds and use a bowl of to give an amount of food.
Read and practiseMilk: a drink and ingredient
Use milk as an uncountable noun, describe a quantity in cartons or glasses and name oat milk.
Read and practiseLibrary: a place to read or borrow
Learn library for a place with books, its plural libraries and useful phrases for borrowing and returning.
Read and practiseTomato: whole fruit and food
Learn tomato and its plural tomatoes, and distinguish whole tomatoes from tomato as a food ingredient.
Read and practiseBridge: a structure for crossing
Use bridge for a crossing structure and distinguish across the bridge from under the bridge.
Read and practiseRoad: a route for vehicles
Use road to name a route, give directions and distinguish travelling along it from crossing it.
Read and practiseHospital: a place for medical care
Use hospital to discuss a medical facility, its staff or a visit, and recognize common article variation.
Read and practiseCity: a large place to live and work
Use city and its plural cities to describe a place, its centre and movement to it.
Read and practisePark: an outdoor place to visit
Use park for an outdoor recreational area, describe activity inside it and movement through it.
Read and practiseClock: a device that shows time
Learn clock for a timekeeping device, read what it says and describe a clock that is fast or slow.
Read and practiseUmbrella: cover from rain or sun
Use umbrella for a folding cover, describe opening or closing it and say who is underneath.
Read and practiseHand: body part or clock pointer
Use hand for the body part, left and right hands, and the pointer on a clock.
Read and practiseAnswer: a response to a question
Use answer as a noun for a response, connect it to a question and distinguish it from the verb.
Read and practiseRestaurant: a place serving meals
Use restaurant to identify a place serving meals, ask about its location and describe eating there.
Read and practiseClothes: items people wear
Use clothes as a plural noun, name one item of clothing and distinguish the word from cloth.
Read and practiseStreet: an urban road and its sides
Use street to locate buildings, describe a route along it and say what is across the street.
Read and practiseCountry: a nation or rural area
Use country and countries for places with borders, and recognize the country as rural land in context.
Read and practiseTaxi: a paid car journey
Use taxi to arrange a ride, say where it is going, and describe travelling by taxi.
Read and practisePocket: a place in clothing for small things
Learn pocket for a sewn space in clothes, with expressions for putting things in and taking them out.
Read and practiseWallet: carrying money and cards
Use wallet for a small case for cards and money, and describe finding or losing one.
Read and practiseBicycle: travelling on two wheels
Use bicycle to name a pedal-powered vehicle and talk about riding or travelling by bicycle.
Read and practiseCheese: food and portions
Talk about cheese as food, ask for an amount, and distinguish a portion from a kind.
Read and practiseSymptoms: describing signs of illness
A rash or headache can be a sign of illness. Describe symptoms, their number and when they began.
Read and practiseResult: outcomes and consequences
Use result and results to discuss outcomes and connect a cause to a consequence with as a result.
Read and practiseFever: talking about body temperature
A high temperature can be called a fever. Describe having one, changes in it and why someone stayed home.
Read and practiseCough: describing a lasting symptom
A cough can last for days or begin at a specific time. Say how long it has continued and describe its character.
Read and practisePain: describing where it hurts
Physical pain can be sharp or constant. Explain where you feel it and how it changes using natural English.
Read and practiseDecision: choices and reasons
Use decision and decisions to discuss choices, reasons and the common phrase make a decision.
Read and practiseInjury: physical harm and recovery
A damaged knee or shoulder can mean time away from activities. Describe injuries and how people recover.
Read and practiseWound: skin injuries and care
A cut can leave an open wound. Describe wounds, their treatment and the way they heal over time.
Read and practiseMedicine: treatment and doses
A dose may be measured from a bottle. Discuss taking medicine, following instructions and changing treatment.
Read and practiseReason: causes and explanations
Use reason and reasons to ask why something happened and explain a decision or action.
Read and practisePill: a solid dose of medicine
A small solid dose may come in a container. Describe pills, their number and the act of taking one.
Read and practiseAllergy: reactions to substances
Peanuts or pollen can cause a reaction. Describe allergies and name the substance involved in English.
Read and practiseAppointment: arranging a visit
A scheduled visit may need a new time. Arrange, change or cancel an appointment and say when it takes place.
Read and practiseMethod: ways of doing something
Use method and methods to describe a procedure, compare approaches and name a method of payment.
Read and practiseTreatment: medical care and options
Medical care can follow a planned course. Discuss treatment for an injury and compare different treatment options.
Read and practiseRecovery: getting well again
Getting well can take time. Describe recovery after illness or surgery and talk about progress toward health.
Read and practiseDiet: food choices and special diets
Daily food choices and special eating plans can both be described with this useful English noun.
Read and practiseOpportunity: chances to act
Use opportunity and opportunities for occasions that make an action possible.
Read and practiseExercise: activity and movements
From cycling to a single movement, this noun describes physical activity and individual exercises.
Read and practiseSleep: rest and its duration
A quiet night or six hours of rest: describe sleep and say how much of it someone gets.
Read and practiseStress: pressure and managing it
Deadlines and difficult changes can bring mental pressure; learn to discuss stress and ways to manage it.
Read and practiseRecipe: cooking instructions
Use recipe and recipes to discuss instructions, ingredients and dishes you want to prepare.
Read and practiseHabits and changing routines
A morning walk can become a regular behaviour. Discuss habits, how they develop and how to change them.
Read and practiseEnergy for everyday activities
Enough strength for a walk or none left after work: talk about physical energy and what you have left to do.
Read and practiseBreath and being out of breath
A deep inhalation or difficulty breathing after a run: describe breath and say when you need to pause.
Read and practisePermission: being allowed to act
Use permission to request, give or refuse consent for an action and name that action with to.
Read and practiseTemperature and measuring heat
A thermometer can show how hot water is or measure body heat. Describe temperatures and changes in them.
Read and practiseSkills developed through practice
A useful ability can grow with practice. Explore how to describe skills for work, study and everyday life.
Read and practiseQualifications for a role
Degrees and certificates can show that a person meets the requirements of a job or professional role.
Read and practiseSolution: answering a problem
Use solution and solutions to describe proposed answers to problems and discuss whether they work.
Read and practiseSalary and regular job pay
An annual amount or monthly payment can describe the regular salary offered for a particular job.
Read and practiseWages and hourly pay
An hourly rate and weekly earnings are useful ways to discuss wages paid for work.
Read and practiseCareer choices and working life
A working life can take many directions. Talk about career plans, changes and goals in English.
Read and practiseRoute: a way between places
Use route and routes to describe a path between places, compare options and locate it on a map.
Read and practiseColleagues and people at work
A person you work with can be a colleague. Practise the singular, plural and spelling in workplace situations.
Read and practiseEmployer: the provider of work
An employer can be a person or organisation; explore this workplace role, its plural and common contexts.
Read and practiseEmployee: a person who works for an employer
An employee works for an organisation or person; practise the singular, plural and workplace contexts.
Read and practiseSuggestion: an idea to consider
Use suggestion to offer an idea, ask for alternatives and discuss whether a proposal is accepted.
Read and practiseInterview: preparing for job questions
A job interview brings questions about experience and skills. Prepare for the meeting and describe what happened during it.
Read and practiseApplication: requesting a job or place
A formal request for a job or a course can include a letter. Describe sending and completing an application in English.
Read and practiseChoice: selecting between options
Use choice to discuss selecting an option, the alternatives available and decisions made.
Read and practiseDeadline: the latest time for work
Friday may be the final day to submit a report. Discuss deadlines, meeting them and what happens when they change.
Read and practiseTask: a piece of work to complete
A task might take ten minutes or require a team. Describe a piece of work, sharing it and completing it.
Read and practiseEffort: energy and attempts
Use effort for work invested in a goal and an effort for a particular attempt to do something.
Read and practiseSchedules and planned times
A train timetable or a project plan sets out expected times. Discuss schedules, changes and finishing early, with pronunciation variants.
Read and practiseWork shifts and working patterns
A factory or hospital may operate around the clock. Describe a period of work, different shifts and exchanging them with a colleague.
Read and practiseExperience: knowledge or an event
Distinguish experience gained through activity from a particular experience and its plural.
Read and practiseMeetings and taking part
A team can gather to discuss a decision in person or online. Talk about arranging, attending and postponing a meeting.
Read and practiseReports of findings
A team can share what it found in writing or aloud. Describe reports, their contents and the people who receive them.
Read and practiseProgress: moving forward
Use progress to discuss improvement, movement toward a goal and work that is continuing.
Read and practiseFeedback: comments that help improvement
Comments on a draft or performance can guide improvement; explore how to ask for and give feedback.
Read and practiseTraining: developing practical skills
Training can prepare people for work or activities; see how to talk about instruction, participants and sessions.
Read and practiseGoal: something to achieve
Use goal and goals to describe an intended result and actions such as setting or reaching it.
Read and practiseEquipment: tools for a purpose
A workshop, clinic or campsite may need equipment; see how to talk about the items together and count individual pieces.
Read and practiseResearch: investigating a question
Research can mean a careful investigation or the work involved, and the noun normally has no plural.
Read and practiseFloor: surface or building level
Distinguish floor as a surface from a building level, including regional floor numbering.
Read and practiseAssignment: meaning and usage
Assignment: Explore a specific piece of work to complete through original examples, common combinations and practice in context.
Read and practiseProject: meaning and usage
Project: Explore planned work with an intended result through original examples, common combinations and practice in context.
Read and practiseBanana: fruit, bunch and peel
Learn banana for whole fruit or an ingredient and use bunch and peel to describe it in context.
Read and practiseTeam: meaning and usage
Team: Explore a group working together through original examples, common combinations and practice in context.
Read and practiseRole: meaning and usage
Role: Explore a person’s function in a group through original examples, common combinations and practice in context.
Read and practiseResponsibility: duties and accountability
Duties can be shared, and mistakes can be acknowledged. Discuss who is responsible for a task or an action.
Read and practiseContracts and signing terms
A formal agreement can set payment dates and conditions; explore how to discuss and sign a contract in English.
Read and practiseBudgets and spending limits
A spending plan helps a team decide how much it can spend and whether a project stays within its budget.
Read and practiseExpenses and reimbursement claims
A bus fare or hotel bill can be an expense; practise discussing costs and claiming work expenses for repayment.
Read and practiseIncome and its sources
Money received from work, rent or other sources can be discussed as income. Explore the word in context and practise common combinations.
Read and practiseProfit after costs
A business can earn more than it spends. Explore how to describe profit, selling at a profit and changes in profits.
Read and practiseDebt and repayment
Money borrowed must eventually be repaid. Practise discussing debts, getting into debt and paying them off in English.
Read and practiseSavings for future needs
Money set aside can fund a goal or cover an emergency. Practise talking about savings and how people use them.
Read and practiseAssumption: an idea taken as true
An assumption is an idea accepted without proof; question assumptions about people and test the ideas behind a plan.
Read and practiseEvidence: support for a claim
Use evidence as an uncountable noun, count pieces of evidence and distinguish support from proof.
Read and practiseHypothesis: a testable explanation
A hypothesis offers a possible explanation that evidence can test; its plural has a different spelling.
Read and practiseTheory: explaining how things work
A theory brings ideas together to explain a subject; evidence can support it or lead people to reconsider it.
Read and practisePrinciple: a guiding rule or belief
A principle can guide a decision or explain how something works; its spelling differs from principal.
Read and practiseCriterion: a standard for judging
Selection standards help people compare options; learn the singular and plural forms used to name them.
Read and practiseFactor: an influence on an outcome
Decisions and results often depend on several influences; factor names one element that helps shape an outcome.
Read and practiseRisk: possible harm and assessment
Use risk and risks to describe possible harm, assess alternatives and discuss ways to reduce risk.
Read and practiseVariable: a changing quantity or condition
A variable can represent a changing quantity or condition in an experiment, a model, or an everyday decision.
Read and practiseTrend: a direction of change
Charts and reports can show a general direction of change over time, even when individual observations differ.
Read and practisePattern: repeated arrangements and behaviour
Repeated shapes and recurring behaviour can both be described with this versatile countable noun.
Read and practiseCorrelation: a relationship in data
A correlation describes how two measured things vary together, without establishing that either one causes the other.
Read and practiseConsequence: the result of an action
A decision can have consequences for other people; describe its results and identify who is affected.
Read and practiseTool: equipment for a task
Use tool and tools to discuss hand equipment, its purpose and choosing the right item for a job.
Read and practiseImplication: an effect or indirect meaning
A decision can have consequences, while a remark can suggest something indirectly. Explore both meanings of implication.
Read and practiseLimits of a method or device
A test, device or method may have limits; explain what it cannot do and discuss its restrictions accurately.
Read and practiseConstraint: limits on choices
A restricted budget or deadline can shape what a project can do; discuss such conditions and the choices they limit.
Read and practiseObstacle: a barrier to progress
A blocked path or a lack of funding can stand in the way of progress; describe the barrier and how people overcome it.
Read and practiseDrawback: a disadvantage of an option
A promising option may have a drawback; describe its disadvantages and weigh them against its benefits.
Read and practiseBenefit: advantages and benefits of actions
A useful outcome can be described as a benefit; explore the noun and the pattern that names its source.
Read and practiseTrade-off: balancing competing advantages
Choosing more of one benefit can mean giving up another; explore how to describe that compromise in English.
Read and practisePriority: deciding what matters most
Some tasks matter more or need attention first; explore priorities and common ways to discuss their relative importance.
Read and practiseStrategy: planning for a long-term aim
A long-term goal needs a considered plan; explore how to describe a strategy and the actions it guides.
Read and practiseApproach: a way to tackle a task
Different ways of tackling a challenge can lead to different results. Describe a chosen method and its object in English.
Read and practiseProcedure: an established series of steps
A safety check can begin an established sequence. Describe procedures and how people follow them in English.
Read and practisePolicy: guiding rules and decisions
A school’s phone rules can guide everyday decisions. Describe an organisation’s policy and the actions it allows.
Read and practiseRegulation: an official rule to follow
Food labels may be subject to official rules. Discuss a regulation and how people comply with regulations.
Read and practiseRequirement: a condition or necessity
A helmet may be compulsory, or water essential. Express conditions and necessities with this useful noun.
Read and practiseStandard: a measure of quality
A standard sets a level for judging quality, from safety rules at work to the service customers expect.
Read and practiseAssessment: evaluating a situation or performance
An assessment can measure performance or weigh evidence about a situation, from classroom learning to safety risks.
Read and practiseAnalysis: examination in detail
An analysis examines information closely; its irregular plural, analyses, helps you discuss more than one examination.
Read and practiseInterpretation: explaining meaning
A poem or rule can have more than one meaning. Explore how to describe and compare explanations of what something means.
Read and practisePerspective: a way of seeing an issue
Different experiences can shape how people view a question. Describe and compare viewpoints with this useful English noun.
Read and practiseAttitude: feelings and views
A positive or negative outlook can influence behaviour. Describe someone’s feelings or views toward a subject in English.
Read and practiseBias: unfair tendencies in judgment
Unfair preferences can affect decisions even when people do not intend them. Discuss bias against groups and other tendencies.
Read and practiseControversy: public disagreement
Public disagreement can cause controversy: explore the noun, its plural and the phrases used to discuss an issue.
Read and practiseConsensus: reaching general agreement
A group can reach broad agreement after discussion. Explore the noun and its common patterns for describing shared views.
Read and practiseClaim: a statement needing support
A statement may be asserted without proof. Learn to describe a claim, its supporting evidence and competing claims.
Read and practiseArgument: reasons for a position
Reasons and evidence can support a position. Explore how to present an argument for or against a proposal.
Read and practiseCounterargument: a reason against a claim
An opposing reason can challenge a proposal: explore how to present and answer a counterargument in a discussion.
Read and practiseConclusion: a reasoned judgement
After examining evidence, you may reach a judgement. Practise discussing conclusions and the reasoning behind them.
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