Esto, eso and aquello: unnamed things
Use Spanish neuter demonstratives esto, eso and aquello to refer to an unnamed thing, situation or idea.
Read and practiseAdventure journal
Spanish grammar
Explore essential Spanish grammar through clear explanations, contrasting examples and practical exercises.
Adventure journal
Spanish grammar
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Formal prohibitions with usted
A polite warning or instruction to one person takes a negative command form, with pronouns placed before the verb.
Read and practiseSer and estar: adjectives that change meaning
Compare Spanish adjectives such as listo and aburrido with ser and estar, and interpret their meaning from context.
Read and practiseLet’s do it: nosotros commands
A shared plan can become a suggestion with the Spanish nosotros command, including negative and reflexive forms.
Read and practiseEvent location with ser and people with estar
Say where a Spanish event takes place with ser and where people or objects are located with estar.
Read and practiseTransport: choosing en or a
Buses, bicycles and walking call for different prepositions in Spanish; practise the usual phrases for ways of travelling.
Read and practisePresent tense stem change e to ie
Conjugate Spanish e-to-ie stem-changing verbs in the present, including pensar, empezar and cerrar.
Read and practiseHace and desde hace: elapsed time
Say how long a situation has continued or how long ago an event happened with Spanish hace and desde hace.
Read and practiseMaterials and contents with de
A wooden spoon or a cup of tea: connect an object to its material or contents with a short Spanish preposition.
Read and practiseGran and grande before and after nouns
Choose gran or grande in Spanish according to its position and the noun’s number, with common exceptions.
Read and practiseClock times with the Spanish preposition
One o’clock or six o’clock: express when an event happens using the right article in Spanish.
Read and practiseSi and sí: if and yes
Distinguish unaccented Spanish si for a condition or indirect question from accented sí for affirmation.
Read and practisePresent stem change o to ue
Practise the Spanish present-tense o-to-ue stem change with poder, volver and dormir across different persons.
Read and practiseStarting points with desde
A journey or a period can begin at a place or moment; mark that starting point in Spanish.
Read and practisePresent stem change e to i
Conjugate Spanish e-to-i stem-changing verbs in the present using pedir, servir and repetir in context.
Read and practiseEndpoints with hasta
A destination or closing time sets a limit. Express where or when an action reaches its endpoint in Spanish.
Read and practiseRegular simple future in Spanish
Build the Spanish simple future with regular infinitives and endings, and describe future actions in context.
Read and practiseIrregular future stems in Spanish
Learn the irregular future stems tendr-, podr- and vendr- and add regular future endings in Spanish.
Read and practiseSomeone and nobody in Spanish
An unknown person or nobody at all: refer to people and place the negative word correctly in Spanish.
Read and practiseStressed possessives: mío, tuyo and suyo
Use Spanish stressed possessives such as mío and tuya to say whom an already identified object belongs to.
Read and practiseRegular affirmative tú commands
Give simple affirmative instructions to one person you address as tú using regular Spanish command forms.
Read and practiseInteresar and molestar: agreement with what affects someone
Use Spanish interesar and molestar to describe what interests or bothers someone, with singular and plural agreement.
Read and practiseSomething and nothing in Spanish
An unknown thing or no thing at all: express both ideas and place the negative word correctly in Spanish.
Read and practiseSpanish preterite of ser and ir: the same forms
Learn the shared preterite forms fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos and fueron and use context to distinguish ser from ir.
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